Study Points Morality 1 What is morality including the 3 components Morality A psychological state that deems acts as immoral and wrong rather than disagreeable unfashionable or imprudent o Also motivated punishment toward the immoral individual Not only is it okay to harm them but it is wrong to let them get away with it o Morality can be turned on and off o It comes with a sense of righteousness drive to recruit others to their moral cause EX Health Vegetarians vs Moral Vegetarians Moral more likely to advocate their lifestyle See non vegetarian food as impure or contaminated o Morality often is aligned with one s lifestyle 2 How does morality relate to the selfish impulse vs social conscience Selfish Impulse vs Social Conscience o Many moral laws are universal o Evolution favors selfishness BUT we have a much bet ter chance to survive in groups hence morality develops o Requires the individual to put the group first o All cultures have systems of morality different cultures place different emphasize on different things o Social conscience don t wear pajamas in school 3 Which moral rules discussed in class seem to be universal o Incest is wrong o Killing is wrong 4 What are the indications we have that suggest that we are biologically programmed for morality Children as young as 3 months old have some sense of moral ity They choose the nice character over the mean character When the stuffed animal was deserving of punishment they preferred the animal that punished it Give 2 monkeys cucumber and they complete the task If 1 monkey gets cucumber and the other gets grapes a better reward Even though cucumber monkey was pre viously happy with cucumber when he saw the other monkey getting grapes he threw the cucumber back at the experimenter It s not fair that If we do the same task as someone else and get rewarded differently 5 What is meant by the elephant and the rider metaphor Elephant and the Rider Argument that people don t use moral reasoning but moral rationalization o They start with the answer that comes from the uncon scious and then work backwards to decide if it s morally right or wrong plausible justification Unconscious instinct is revulsion when we are harming an inno cent o Shown not only w scenarios but with MRI studies 6 Is our morality rational o We know things are wrong and then we come up w reasons for it and reasons are not always there 7 What is the typical outcome of the train moral dilemmas What are the two things that we learn from the train moral dilemmas Train Moral Dilemmas o Situation 1 5 people tied to a train track 1 person tied to an alternate track Do you flip the switch o Situation 2 5 people tied to track You re on a bridge with a large man who could be thrown off to stop the train Do you throw him off o We learn that more people would flip the switch than push the man Most people throw level to kill 1 person instead of 5 Most people wouldn t throw a man off a bridge to stop the train from killing 5 people 8 How does emotion relate to our morality Emotions are major motivators for morality 9 What are the important emotions for morality and what do they tell us about morality Disgust Major motivator in morality o It keeps us away from immoral acts o It can be considered a prosocial emotion because it moti vates good behavior EX When you feel disgust have a nasty taste in your mouth see a picture of something gross feel unfair treatment etc you have the same facial ex pression as if you see something immoral Guilt Unpleasant moral emotion associated with a specific instance in which one has acted badly wrongly o It can be considered a prosocial emotional because it makes you want to repent o Motives people to make it up Sympathy Prompts people to offer the first favor with the expectation Anger Prompts people from cheaters motivating people to punish of reciprocation NOT empathy them or sever the relationship Gratitude Motivates one to reward those that helped them in the past 10 How do health vegetarians respond differently to food with meat in it than moral vegetarians Why o It comes with a sense of righteousness drive to recruit others to their moral cause EX Health Vegetarians vs Moral Vegetarians Moral more likely to advocate their lifestyle See non vegetarian food as impure or contaminated o Morality often is aligned with one s lifestyle o Health vegetarians do not have disgust response bc they are not doing it for moral reasons What can studies done on facial expressions tell us 11 about the emotional nature of morality Facial expression of disgust expressed when Nasty taste Pictures of gross things Unfair treatment exact same facial response 12 How do people respond when they feel unethical Washing Away Immorality o People who think about write or talk about a time when they were immoral prefer to use hand sanitizer after wards rate cleaning products as more valuable and pre fer to use mouthwash after 13 What were the methods and findings of the guilty par ticipant study Guilt STUDY o For of participant s the confederate tells them about the study and all the answers beforehand o When asked by the experimenter all the participants say they know nothing o At the end the experimenter asked for help o Who helped longer Those who lied helped significantly longer because they felt guilty 14 What are the 6 moral spheres and what are the evolu tionary explanations for each Moral Foundations Theory o Harm o Wrong to harm another person or animal o Not harming others increases chance of survival o Fairness o Liberty o Loyalty o Authority o Focus is on karma and on people getting what they put into a situation o Focus is on egalitarianism o Building group bonds enhances survival anything that interferes with the group and its goals must be dealt with o Greater chance of survival if give respect to those o Focus on group hierarchy and respect for those with authority above you o People expect those lower to be submissive and to protect those higher up o Purity Focus on feeling physically and mentally clean or pure from corruption Harm Care palm o How much money would it take for you to stick a pin into your o How much money would it take for you to stick a pin into the palm of a child Prices change because the 2nd example violates a moral foundation it is wrong to harm another person or animal Fairness Cheating they got for free o Accept a plasma T V a friend of yours wants to give you that o Accept a plasma T V a friend got by stealing Focus is on
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