Know the characteristics of close relationships interdependence last over time involve diverse types of interactions Know the difference between passionate and companionate love Passionate love strong feelings of longing desire and excitement toward a special person o Also called romantic love Companionate love mutual understanding and caring to make the relationship succeed perceiving the other person as your soul mate or special partner o Also called affectionate love Understand Sternberg s triangular theory of love Composed of 3 ingredients Examples of relationships o Passion emotional state characterized by high bodily arousal Important for initiating relationships o Intimacy a feeling of closeness mutual understanding and mutual concern for each other s welfare and happiness o Commitment conscious decision to maintain relationship Both required for maintaining relationship o High intimacy and commitment but low passions might describe a marriage that is still strong after many decades o Plenty of passion and commitment but low intimacy might describe a whirlwind romance where a couple fell madly in love and quickly got married but intimacy is low because they hardly know the person yet Understand the Coolidge effect A new partner is more sexually arousing than a familiar one o stronger effect in men than women animal studies reports of desired number of partners Know the difference between destiny and growth lay theories and how such theories can affect relationships Destiny Theorists believe that relationship success is determined by destiny not o Potential relationship partners are either compatible or they are Growth Theorists believe that relationship success is determined by the ability to overcome challenges conflicts with a partner o A successful relationship is mostly a matter of learning to resolve Growth theorists remain satisfied and committed to partners in spite of conflict or challenges more so than destiny theorists Understand the information about attachment styles that was discussed in class Secure people are low on anxiety and low on avoidance they trust their partners share their feelings provide and receive support and comfort and enjoy their relationships Anxious ambivalent people are low on avoidance but high on anxiety they want and enjoy closeness but worry that their relationship partners will abandon them Dismissing avoidant people are low on anxiety but high on avoidance they tend to view partners as unreliable unavailable and uncaring Fearful avoidant people have both high anxiety and high avoidance they have low opinions of themselves and keep others from getting close Understand the two ways of defining relationship success Two ways define o in terms of stability i e staying together most studies focus on stability o in terms of satisfaction High divorce rates low stability does not mean low satisfaction o people are more likely to leave unhappy marriages now Know that relationship satisfaction tends to peak around marriage then declines People go back to their baselines after they peak Understand the studies about attractive alternatives that were discussed in class Whether relationships continues depends partly on how people deal with temptation especially the temptations to seek other possible partners People in relationships look at attractive others less than single people Looking at attractive others while in a relationship predicts short lived with mating motives relationships committed relationship partners devalue alternatives Understand how positive illusions can aid relationship satisfaction Merged identity with partner can cause self enhancement bias to spill Most people estimate that their marriage has a 0 chance of ending in Understand the reasons why people stay in unsatisfying relationships that were discussed in class People sometimes stay in unsatisfying relationships due to a lack of over to partner divorce alternatives Rusbult s Investment Model people are motivated to stay in relationships that they have invested in o 3 factors in model satisfaction alternatives and investments o satisfaction if you are satisfied then the relationship is more likely to be more successful o alternatives the relationship may not be that satisfying but you might think what s out there might not be better o investments you ve put all this time into the relationship that you don t want to have it go to waste Understand the information about relationship conflict that was discussed in class Conflict is typically low at onset of relationship then increases as Conflict does NOT predict relationship satisfaction how couples deal interdependence increases with conflict does o Confronting major problems o Ignoring or forgiving minor problems o Displaying affection to offset confrontations o Avoiding reciprocal insults criticisms Understand the Maner et al 2007 study on jealousy and mate guarding Maner et al 2007 o All heterosexual participants o Measured chronic jealousy Manipulation think of o 4 or 5 instances when you felt jealous o 4 or 5 things you did yesterday Told determine whether a circle or square flashes on the screen People high in chronic jealousy displayed attentional adhesion to o People in relationships compared themselves to attractive people of attractive rivals the same sex attractive potential mates particular social stimuli o Single people compared attractive people f the opposite sex People low in chronic jealousy displayed attentional adhesion to Attentional adhesion a tendency to have one s attention captured by Understand how the information from Chapter 12 relates to the info covered in class 12 03 2015 Be able to define stereotype prejudice and discrimination and be able to recognize examples Stereotype A generalized belief about members of a group o e g People from Boston hate the Yankees Prejudice A generalized negative attitude toward members of a group o e g Dislike of telemarketers Discrimination Behaviors directed toward people on the basis of their group membership o e g Denying someone a job because of their race or gender Understand that stereotypes are not always negative inaccurate and conscious They are ways that we group similarities Understand the basic idea of aversive racism theory Aversive racism people don t want to think of themselves as racist but racist tendencies can still emerge o E g when European Americans are talking to African Americans they may sit farter away maintain less eye contact talk in a
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