Study Points Prejudice AS ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE 1 What are the definitions of prejudice stereotyping and discrimination How do they differ Prejudice a generalized negative attitude toward memebers of a group stereotype a generalized belief about members of a group discrimination behaviors directed toward people on the basis of their group membership 2 Are stereotypes always negative Always wrong Always conscious stereotypes are not always negative wrong or conscious many stereotypes non conscious some stereotypes true women tend to be more nurturing than men 3 What is the difference between traditional and modern discrimination traditional school segregation voting rights ect modern informal hiring practices social interactions ect more subtle but often just as damaging 4 What is aversive racism How does that relate to the Frey and Gartner 1986 study and when would we expect to see aversive racism aversive racism alternating positive and negative responses to black people egalitarian values and non prejudiced self image negative feelings discomfort and beliefs response is determined by presence of nonracial justification for negative response Frey and Gartner examined willingness to help a partner working on a scrabble task always white participants partner black or white partner either deserving or undeserving of help participants helped black partner when they were deserving but not when they were undeserving yet always helped white partner undeserving excuse for nonconscious racism 5 What are benevolent and hostile sexism benevolent sexism paternalism seeing women as virtuous and fragile hostile sexism angry responses to feminism and female dominance parallel forms exist for responses toward men and tend to be correlated 6 What are the social origins of prejudice How do they help perpetuate it From the text 7 Know the 3 parts of Social Identity Theory How does SIT relate to prejudice social identity theory 1 We want to feel good about ourselves 2 Our identity partly comes from groups to which we belong 3 Seeing our group as better than other groups raises self esteem strong ingroup identification strong outgroup prejudice ex FSU students who really see themselves as Seminoles more likely to dislike Gators when self esteem is threatened people derogate outgroup members ex after receiving poor grade majority students more likely to derogate minorities 8 What are the methods and findings of Tajfel Wilkes 1963 categorization study What does this tell us about how people perceive group differences think accentuation and outgroup homogeneity participants judged line lengths they underestimated within category differences accentuation effect tendency to exaggerate differences between members of different categories outgroup homogeneity effect tendency to perceive more similarity among members of groups we don t belong to than among members of our own group they all look the same 9 What is an illusory correlation illusory correlation perceiving a correlation where none exist or overestimating it s magnitude caused by distinctiveness 10 Be able to describe the methods and results of Hamilton Gifford s 1976 study on illusory correlations What do they tell us about how we perceive the behavior of others participants read 39 sentences of someone doing a behavior they were asked how many positive and negative behaviors performed by each group majority vs minority overestimated neg behaviors of group B minority group assigned more negative traits to group B 11 What is the two stage activation model Devine 1989 stereotypes are universally and automatically activated 1 Activation stereotype comes to mind 2 Application using stereotypes controlled later proved wrong activation is not automatic 12 What are the methods and results from Wittenbrink et al 1997 and Gilbert Hixon 1991 both studies What does these studies tell us about the two stage activation model white participants primed with black or white lexical decision task is it a word or non word looked at how much various words activated results participants primed with black negative black stereotypes activated but not positive participants primed with white positive white stereotypes activated but not negative conclusion not all stereotypes are activated explicit prejudice correlated with stereotype activation activation is not universal requires motivation Summary activation motivation activate stereotypes if low motivation ability activate stereotypes if have ability to perceive group membership application motivation apply stereotypes when low motivation ability apply stereotypes if do not have ability to stop it 13 What is the dual attitude approach predict overt bias policy attitudes people have explicit and implicit attitudes towards social groups explicit prejudice implicit prejudice split second implicit biases have very real implications police responses to criminal suspects often more negative predict non verbal bias split second decisions 14 What are the differences between implicit and explicit prejudice What do they predict implicit subconscious beliefs predict non verbal bias and split second decisions explicit conscious beliefs predict overt bias policy attitudes 15 What are the potential implications of stereotypes that we discussed in class implications of implicit bias shoot don t shoot studies show people are more likely to mistakenly shoot unarmed Black men likely influenced by the stereotype that links black men and criminality implications of stereotyping stereotypes lead to biased interpretations of people s behavior identifying weapons judging the emotions of an infant judging the defendant as guilty innocent judging the leader of a group 16 What was Jane Elliott s brown eyes blue eyes study What did it demonstrate about discrimination Elliott designated the blue eyed kids as the superior group and told them not to interact with brown eyed kids separated them and gave blue eyed kids extra privileges told the kids that blue eyed kids were actually more intelligent and better leaders due to melanin in their eyes those deemed superior became arrogant bossy and unpleasant to inferior classmates their grades improved the inferior group became timid and subservient and their grades suffered switched the roles but the brown eyed leaders never treated the blue eyed inferiors as bad 17 Know the methods and results of Snyder s 1979 study What are the implications of attributional
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