Prosocial Behavior Learning Objectives Chapter 12 BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE AND COME UP WITH AN EXAMPLE FOR EACH 1 Be able to use Darley Latane s Model of Bystander Intervention to explain why people did not help Kitty Genovese i e what factors impeded helping lecture and book pg 458 462 People who were in surrounding complexes and did not come to aid Kitty did not o Notice the situation o Interpret the situation as an emergency o Assume responsibility o Know what to do o Judge the costs outweigh the benefits All of the factors listed above have to happen for someone to help People assumed others called 911 or went to help her when in fact no one did until one man by himself walked by and helped her 2 In class we watched the Bystander Intervention video where people were slumped over on the street in Liverpool according to the video what factors influenced helping lecture link to video available in powerpoint The Bystander Intervention Video dealt with people who saw a man or a woman lying on the sidewalk clearly not in good health Most people did not stop by they kept walking and some stepped right over the person The bystander effect influenced people from helping as well as the social norm during o People did not stop to help because no one else was they did not want to stick out of the crowd and go against the social norms by helping the person 3 What is the bystander effect and how does it affect helping lecture and book pg that situation 461 The bystander effect is the tendency to be less likely to help as the number of bystanders This affects helping because the more people that are around the less likely someone is going to stop and help someone who needs it 4 What is pluralistic ignorance and how does it affect helping lecture and book pg increases 287 Pluralistic Ignorance is the idea that you assume everyone else seems to get he idea except you but in reality you are most likely not the only one who doesn t understand assuming everyone feels the same way o A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling or how they are responding This affects helping because people will not do anything about a situation or possible emergency if others are not because they think the other people know what is best and what is going on when in reality they probably don t know 5 What is diffusion of responsibility and how does it affect helping lecture and book pg 462 Diffusion of responsibility is the belief that other people will take responsibility for helping a person in need It affects helping because the more people that are around the less likely someone is going to help because people will assume someone else will help instead 6 What were the findings and the causes in the Darley Latane 1968 smoky room study lecture and book pg 460 461 IV Ps completed questionnaire either alone or in a room with 2 confederates DV how quickly did people go get help Results 90 of people who were in a room with others never went to get help even though the entire room was filled with smoke 7 What were the findings and causes of the Darley Latane 1968 seizure study lecture and book pg 462 IV Ps sat alone in cubes and either thought they were having a conversation with 1 2 or 5 other people on a headset o One P mentions how they are prone to seizures DV how long did it take for the P to get help for the person having a seizure Results the person who was alone was more likely to get help where it decreased the more people they thought they were talking to took longest for P to get help when there were 5 other people on the headset o Deals with the diffusion of responsibility 8 What are the steps necessary for helping according to Darley and Latane s Model of Bystander Intervention lecture and book pg 458 463 Notice the situation Interpret as an emergency Assume responsibility Know what to do Judge that costs are outweighed by the benefits 9 What did the good Samaritan sermon study Darley Batson 1973 find and what were the factors that influenced helping lecture and book pg 464 The Good Samaritan Sermon study looked at how likely seminary students would stop and help someone slumped over in a door frame o IV some Ps told they had plenty of time to get across campus and give the sermon others told they were running late o DV how likely is it the P will stop and help the person o Results if the Ps had more time to stop and help they did but those who were already late rarely stopped to help even though they just memorized the good Samaritan parable from the bible The factors that influenced helping were if the P had time to stop and help or not if they did not then the judgment of costs to benefits was low therefore they did not help 10 What should you do say when you need help in an emergency situation lecture You should point out someone specific if you are ever in trouble and ask them for help or to call 911 because then that individual will assume responsibility and help you 11 What are egoistic and altruistic helping What are the differences between them lecture and book pg 454 455 Egoistic helping helping others for self benefits Altruistic helping helping others for no expected benefit to self Egoistic deals with getting something in return from helping where altruistic is helping just to help someone 12 What is the empathy altruism hypothesis Based off this hypothesis what is needed to increase helping behavior lecture and book pg 453 454 Empathy altruism hypothesis deals with how empathy can produce altruistic helping In this hypothesis empathy for the person taking the perspective of the person in need increases the likelihood of someone helping that individual o Similarities to the person in need are key to having an individual feel empathetic enough to help them 13 What were the methods results and related effect of the Batson et al 1981 study with Elaine lecture and book pg 455 456 Batson did two studies looking at the empathy altruism hypothesis and the aversive arousal hypothesis The first study looked at the empathy altruism hypothesis o IV Elaine s similarity to the participant filled out self survey and exchanged o DV How likely were Ps to switch with Elaine even though Elaine was supposed o Results people with higher empathy similarities to Elaine were more likely to papers to get shocked switch spots with her Second study looked at the aversive arousal hypothesis o IV Elaine s similarity to the participant o IV how easy it was for the
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