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SOP3004 Unit 4 Exam Morality Not in the Book Morality A psychological state that deems acts as immoral and wrong rather than disagreeable unfashionable or imprudent o Also motivated punishment toward the immoral individual Not only is it okay to harm them but it is wrong to let them get away with it o Morality can be turned on and off o It comes with a sense of righteousness drive to recruit others to their moral cause EX Health Vegetarians vs Moral Vegetarians Moral more likely to advocate their lifestyle See non vegetarian food as impure or contaminated o Morality often is aligned with one s lifestyle Selfish Impulse vs Social Conscience o Many moral laws are universal o Evolution favors selfishness BUT we have a much better chance to survive in groups hence morality develops o Requires the individual to put the group first o All cultures have systems of morality Universal Moral Rules o Our unconscious instinct is revulsion when we are harming an innocent o We are programmed for morality think of the baby video from class o Everyone has a concept of fairness think of the monkey video from class Disgust Major motivator in morality 1 o It keeps us away from immoral acts o It can be considered a prosocial emotion because it motivates good behavior EX When you feel disgust have a nasty taste in your mouth see a picture of something gross feel unfair treatment etc you have the same facial expression as if you see something immoral Washing Away Immorality o People who think about write or talk about a time when they were immoral prefer to use hand sanitizer afterwards rate cleaning products as more valuable and prefer to use mouthwash after Guilt Unpleasant moral emotion associated with a specific instance in which one has acted badly wrongly Guilt STUDY o It can be considered a prosocial emotional because it makes you want to repent o For of participant s the confederate tells them about the study and all the answers beforehand o When asked by the experimenter all the participants say they know nothing o At the end the experimenter asked for help o Who helped longer Those who lied helped significantly longer because they felt guilty Sympathy Prompts people to offer the first favor with the expectation of reciprocation Anger Prompts people from cheaters motivating people to punish them or sever the Gratitude Motivates one to reward those that helped them in the past Elephant and the Rider Argument that people don t use moral reasoning but moral NOT empathy relationship rationalization 2 o They start with the answer that comes from the unconscious and then work backwards to decide if it s morally right or wrong plausible justification Train Moral Dilemmas o Situation 1 5 people tied to a train track 1 person tied to an alternate track Do you flip the switch o Situation 2 5 people tied to track train Do you throw him off You re on a bridge with a large man who could be thrown off to stop the o We learn that more people would flip the switch than push the man Moral Licensing Past moral behavior makes people more likely to do potentially immoral things without worrying about feeling or appearing immoral o Monin and Miller 2001 Initial task Selecting from a group of candidates Control condition all white chooses best qualified Moral licensing condition one black chooses him because he s most qualified This can cause future moral licensing 2nd Task Police hiring decision Participants were more likely to say a job is better for a white candidate after first selecting a black candidate Two Theories on Moral Licensing o Moral Credentialing Reframes immoral behavior as not a transgression more related 3 o Moral Credits Good deeds established moral credits that can be withdrawn to purchase the right to do bad deeds Moral Foundations Theory o Harm o Fairness o Liberty o Loyalty o Authority o Purity We ve all got them BUT we all have different amounts it depends on the person their culture etc Harm Care Fairness Cheating Liberty Oppression interest o How much money would it take for you to stick a pin into your palm o How much money would it take for you to stick a pin into the palm of a child Prices change because the 2nd example violates a moral foundation it is wrong to harm another person or animal o Accept a plasma T V a friend of yours wants to give you that they got for free o Accept a plasma T V a friend got by stealing Focus is on karma on people getting what they put into a situation Stolen unfair violates moral code o Live in a country where elected officials act for people but sometimes in self o Live in a country with a dictator who does the same thing Focus on egalitarianism 4 Elected Equal Dictator Hierarchal Loyalty Betrayal Sphere o Say something bad about your nation you don t believe on a radio show in your nation o Do the same thing but in another nation Focus is on the building of strong group bands anything that interferes with the group and its goals must be dealt with Authority Subversion o Slap a friend in the face with his permission as part of a skit o Doing this to an authority figure like slapping your minister Focus is on group hierarchy and respect for those who are above us People expect those lower to be subversive Purity Sanctity o Attend an art performance with artists acting dumb o Attend an art performance with artists acting like animals naked urinating grunting etc corruption Focus here is on staying physically and mentally clean pure form Cultural Differences The 6 moral spheres are thought to be universal but their importance can be affected by culture o Western Nations Harm and Fairness o Japan Fear of Non Conformity loyalty o Hindus Jews Dietary Restrictions purity o Muslims Insulting the Prophet authority Politics and Morality 5 o Democrats focus largely on harm liberty and fairness moral spheres in their public policies o Republicans focus on all 6 moral spheres equally Chapter 13 Conflict and Peacemaking Conflict A perceived incompatibility of action and goals o Factors that breed conflict Social Dilemmas Competition Perceived Injustices Misperceptions Social Dilemmas o Social Trap A situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing its own self interest become caught in mutually destructive behavior o Tragedy of the Commons Wasting shared resources by acting in one s self interest EX Prisoner s Dilemma o You and a friend are in jail for crime you both committed o You are put in separate rooms o If you confess you go free your


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FSU SOP 3004 - Unit 4 Exam

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