Study Points Emotions AS ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE 1 What are the differences between emotion affect and mood o Emotion a specific conscious evaluative reaction to some point I am afraid of alligators o Mood general disposition or state I m in a bad mood o Affect valence of evaluation toward an event I have a negative affective response to alligators 2 How does affect motivate behavior and why does it do this o Spikes in physiological arousal o people learn to avoid risky events o It s a way to control your emotions 3 Are affective responses automatic or controlled and what are the implications of this Are affective responses weak or strong o They are automatic if you are feeling sad you cannot just decide to be happy gain o They are strong responses 4 How does affect contribute to learning and decision making How does the Iowa 5 What were the different theories of emotion discussed in class How do each of them explain how we reach our emotions Which is the currently accepted theory and why Gambling Task study demonstrate this o Control participants learn to avoid risky deck Felt twinges of affect o Brain damaged never learned to avoid Don t learn to anticipate loss punishment o James Lange Theory of Emotion Stimulus Physiological arousal Emotion NOT ACCEPTED o Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion Stimulus Physiological arousal Stimulus emotion Stimul us Emotio n NOT ACCEPTED o Schacter Singer Theory of Emotion Physiologic al Arousal Cogniti Apprais ve THEORY IS ACCEPTED 6 What is misattribution of arousal and what were the methods and findings of the study THIS examples we discussed in class o Sometimes we mistakenly label our experiences based on external factors o White et al 1981 Men ran in place for 15 seconds vs 120 seconds Saw a video of an attractive woman or unattractive woman they expected to meet How attracted to the woman were they 7 What is the domain specificity theory of emotions o Effect of emotion is dependent upon specific emotion o Emotion serves to motivate behavior most of the time 8 What are the specific functions of specific emotions discussed in class o Disgust avoid disease o Sadness seek social support o Sexual arousal find a romantic partner o Love maintain relationship 9 What were the methods and findings of the study on attention and love o Maner Rouby and Gonzaga 2008 Think about a time you were happy vs in love How do we direct out attention 10 How do we know that emotional expressions are universal and automatic 11 What factors affect how we perceive emotions What factors affect how we express o Communication for survival o Expressions are functional emotions o Expectations o Stereotypes o Our own Emotional States 12 What are the gender differences in emotion if there are any o Women are quicker and better able at identifying other s emotions Study Points Attitudes and Behavior Chapter 7 AS ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE 1 What are attitudes How are they different from beliefs o Attitude a favorable unfavorable indifferent or ambivalent evaluative reaction toward something or someone I like johnny depp o Different for Belief His name is johnny 2 What were the sources of attitudes covered in class How does each source affect attitude formation o Affect feelings influence attitudes o Cognition based on people s beliefs about the properties of an attitude object People like information that is easier to process o Behavior based on observations of how one behaves toward an attitude object Self perception theory people don t know how they feel until they see how they behave Classical Conditioning o Others Operant Conditioning develop a positive attitude toward behaviors that are rewarded Social learning learn attitudes through observation 3 What is the mere exposure effect and what were the methods and findings of the study on 4 What is attitude polarization Know the studies methods and results from class about it that we discussed in class this concept o Attitude polarization attitudes become more extreme by convincing ourselves they are right o LaPierce 1934 Traveled with Asian couple Expected anti Asian attitudes would produce discrimination yet the vast majority of hotels allowed them to stay Wrote hotels months later asking if they would accommodate Asians and 5 When do attitudes affect behavior Know the studies that demonstrate that attitudes affect 90 of them said no Wicker 1969 meta analysis o behaviors o Attitude is strong Vested interest Accessible o Measured at same level of specificity o Other influences on behavior minimized o Regan Fazio 1977 Housing crisis at Cornell Some students in permanent housing vs some in temporary housing Both groups had neg attitudes toward housing crisis o Fazio Williams 1986 1984 election Reagan vs Mondale Measured how quickly people rated candidates Quicker responses more accessible 4 months later who did you vote for 6 What are implicit and explicit attitudes and how do they differ Is it possible to have opposing implicit and explicit attitudes o Explicit attitudes Controlled and Conscious evaluative responses o Implicit attitudes automatic and nonconscious evaluative responses 7 How does social desirability affect our ability to measure attitudes 8 What are some ways that we discussed in class that researchers measure attitude driven behaviors under the radar 9 What is the Implicit Association Test and how does it work o Which task was easier Attitudes measured by Reaction time Accuracy 10 When are implicit vs explicit attitudes formed 11 What is cognitive dissonance and what are the effects of it o Cognitive Dissonance an unpleasant psychological state o What do we change behavior or attitude Its hard to take back behavior Its easier to change attitudes 12 How does insufficient justification affect cognitive dissonance effects and what was the study that demonstrated these effects know methods and results o Festinger and Carlsmith 1959 P s turn knobs for an hour Paid 1 or 20 to tell next person that study is interesting or no lie control group Measured participants attitude toward knob turning o Attitudes change is more lily if there is insufficient justification for the behavior o 1 why did I do that insufficient justification for behavior o 20 I obviously did it for the money sufficient justification for behavior 13 What effect does attitude salience have on attitudes predicting behavior from the book o Attitude behavior inconsistency comes from
View Full Document
Unlocking...