Exam 3 study guide ATTRACTION Know Segal 1974 study Police trainees were given assigned seats They sat next to the same people everyday They wanted to know who were the closet friends at the end of 6 weeks Results most people became friends with the people sitting close to them This is due to Mere Exposure the tendency for people to like things that they see or encounter frequently if they already dislike someone this may cause them to dislike them even more know Matching Hypothesis Matching Hypothesis states that people tend to pair up with others who are equally attractive This is especially true among lovers but it also is true among friends It occurs in same sex and in opposite sex relationships Know what males find attractive in females and what females find attractive in males and why Males find attractiveness in women attractive youth and a low waist to hip ratio Women find masculinity attractive in men Square Jaw Prominent chin Heavier eyebrows Thinner Lips Know Li et al 2002 study Participant s were asked to design their perfect mate They were given 20 mate dollars to use They were given 10 different characteristics and traits to chose from Physical Attractiveness Yearly Income Intelligence Kindness Creativity Sense of Each mate dollar corresponded to 10 percentile increase in that trait For example 2 mate dollars spent on attractiveness mate is in 20th percentile for RESULTS Men rated attractiveness the highest Females rated intelligence and yearly income Humor etc attractiveness the highest In conclusion men prioritize attractiveness while women prioritize status wealth Know Mere Exposure effect The tendency for people to like things because because they see or encounter them repeatedly propinquity being near someone on a regular basis Know how females menstrual cycle influences things related to mating Chance of conception is highest during ovulation Exam 3 study guide Provost et al 2008 did a study where they asked females to come in at different times in their menstrual cycle and rate how they feel about point light walkers RESULTS During ovulation women prefer masculinity and status but at other times they just prefer status Men may also like females more near ovulation Know Clark Hatfield 1989 study Asked RESULTS would you go on a date with me go back to my apartment go have sex About half of men and women said yes to go on a date Men were more likely than women to go back to apartment 70 of men said yes while 10 said yes 80 of men said yes to sex while no women said yes Know Chartrand Bargh 1999 study The confederates and the participants had a conversation The confederates either mimicked or did not mimic the participants body language They wanted to know how much the participants liked the Confederates after they did nor did not mimic them Results The participants liked the confederates more when they mimicked them Know how males and females can differ and be the same on mating preferences mate selection and mating behavior Also know general things that everyone finds attractive and things that promote attraction this question is answered in other questions Males prefer attractiveness and females prefer status and wealth Both want people to have babies with and that would be the best mate Both want someone similar to them in personality and attractiveness Symmetry is also important because it shows good genes for mating Know the Social Allergy Effect textbook Social Allergy Effect is the idea that a partner s annoying behavior become more annoying over time EXAMPLE early in a relationship you may be only slightly bothered by how your partner chews with her mouth open or picks his toenails while watching television or keeps repeating some stupid phrase such as like wow but this slight irritation will most likely grow more bothersome over time Exam 3 study guide Familiarity and repeated exposure can sometimes make bad things worse but the most common consequence is that people grow to like people and places and things that become familiar to them Know Parental Investment Theory and Error Management Theory Women have more consequences of sex than men 9 months of pregnancy increased vulnerability split resources Short term mates are best for males Long term mates are best for females Know Miller Maner 2009 study Participants were asked to smell a tshirt that was worn at different times in the menstrual cycle They were asked how pleasant the shirt smelled and then their testosterone was measured RESULTS The shirt smelled more pleasant when women were ovulating The men had higher testosterone When women were not ovulating it did not smell as pleasant and men had lower testosterone CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS Know Sternberg s Triangle and how the 3 factors change over time Sternberg proposed that love is composed of three different ingredients Passion sexual interest to kiss hold hands and perhaps have sex feelings of romantic attraction physical attraction to the other person and Passion is largely an emotional state and is characterized by high bodily arousal When you feel passion your heart beats more rapidly than usual you become excited and alert and you may also feel sexual arousal Passion makes people want to be together and in many cases makes them want physiological arousal sexual attraction important for beginning of the relationship other factors become more passion decreases over time feelings of closeness sharing support mutual concern the common core of all love relationships It refers to feeling close to the other important over time Intimacy person Commitment Exam 3 study guide Empathy is important in intimacy indeed intimacy includes a sense of understanding the partner and being understood by him or her Intimacy also entails a mutual concern for each other s welfare and happiness When two people have a high degree of intimacy they have a basic feeling of caring and concern about one another they want each other to be happy and healthy and they may often seek to do things that will benefit each other Intimate partners try to take care of each other and they emphasize communication about their lives feelings and problems arises more slowly but can continue increasing for a long time conscious decision to remain in relationship over time intimacy and commitment increase Sternberg observed that when many people speak of love they refer more to a conscious decision than to a feeling state Emotions come and go but commitments based on decisions remain constant
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