Study objectives test 2 Social cognition Be able to define social cognition Thinking about people and about social relationships Seen as subfield of social psych they look at how people look at others and their place in social world Social in that we look at people and social relationships we look at how thought interacts with that and how we form and maintain social relationships Know what it means to say that we are cognitive misers Cognitive misers means that we like to expend as little energy as possible to mental This is because our ability to engage in higher order thinking is we have a limited ability to engage in that higher processes limited resource when we use it up that s called ego depletion When we ve consumed too much do a lot of self regulation we ll have a harder time tasks doing it Were stingy with how we spend our mental resources we like to take short cuts whenever possible we want to preserve our higher order mental energy Understand the distinction between automatic and controlled thinking Two different Controlled processes are slow effortful and deliberate We are conscious of them know they are happening We have to stop and engage in them They are effortful We use up energy cognitive misers We mean to do them some amount of agency in this thinking it is deliberate word problems math problems need to think about it type 1 of process mind Automatic thinking type two thinking quick they happen so fast we don t even realize they ve occurred they are effortless we don t push them to happen they happen on their own They are automatic we don t have any decision in this Reading is an automatic process once we know how to read we automatically encode and know how to read Automatically engages in reading Conscious mind takes a back seat if its automatic thinking were burned less maybe even none of the finite resource Know what scripts and schemas are Another way we save on cognitive resources Schemas are expectancies of how certain things will behave What we expect from something based on what we think it is Schema means once we encounter something eve already experienced before we don t form new opinion we reference our schemas and automatically know what will happen We don t have to stop and think automatically make judgments about what we re doing Schema confirming see a hedgehog and our schema for hedgehog says they are cute cuddly and adorable Not everything we encounter will conform our schema Something might violate our schema we might see a very scary looking hedgehog We were surprised and it violated our schema Scripts walking into restaurant look at menu order food eat get check leave Something might violate our script go somewhere to eat do we order at counter do we sit down and someone will come to us When a situation breaks from our script we have to kick back into our controlled level processing and see if everything matches our script Be able to define automaticity and know how priming can cue automatic behavior scripts Refers to our ability to take something we ve done with sufficient repetition to transform it from something we have to think about to something that can be done without any conscious thought Driving is great example of this when we learn to drive in new city everything is conscious need to pay attention very conscious and deliberate After enough trips we automatize the way we get home we can drive from school to work without even realizing how we got home we don t remember anything about the trip We ve automatized the drive home Typing is another example we type automatically We know what we want to type and our automatic processes kick in and make us type what we want to Riding a bike after 10 yrs of not riding a bike if weve already learned how we can just get on a bike and ride it Cues in our environment can turn on our scripts without even knowing it Priming cue will be unconscious In an experiment they had people fill in missing letters to make a word sha fill in missing letters to make a word participants were given words relating to older people such as walkers florida cards to prime people with concept of the elderly to see if it changed their behavior The experimenter timed the amount of time it took the participant to walk to elevator from the experiment lab room They found that people who weer primed with concept of being old took significantly longer to walk to the elevator This is because we slow ourselves down around the elderly they are slow after some time we automatize this and it happens automatically Know what attributions are and be able to differentiate different types of attributions Different ways we attribute an action of someone We try to figure out why they did what they did For example we observe someone running a stop sign There are two dimensions Internal or external Internal making attribution within the individual something about them External something outside the person Stabe attributions we think we stay the same over time Unstable might have turned out differently in different circumstances Internal and stable make attribution based on ability they did well on test because they are really smart intelligent They are smart always have been and always will be External stable something like task difficulty if someone failed its because the test is really hard it was hard in the past it will be hard in the future it doesn t have to do with the person someone else would experience the same thing Internal unstable they didn t pass because they are smart they must have just studied a lot this time they did well because they studied a lot We don t expect it to stay the same External unstable outside the person and may change over time They passed the test because they got lucky the next time they encounter this task they might bomb it because I don t think it had to do with them Be able to articulate the fundamental attribution error We make a disproportionate number of internal attributions regarding other peoples actions When talking about other people we make more If we run a stop sign well say we were distracted normally I wouldn t do it but I was in a hurry and no one was around all external attributions something about the environment caused us to perform this behavior If someone else runs a stop sign they were an asshole Big reason is we have access to our own internal states we know what was distracting us we don t know that about other people We just see the action of running the stop sign Our
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