Study Guide for Exam 4 Test will only have Multiple Choice or True False Questions and will take place on Thursday April 19th The test will be about 40 50 questions and cover all material from reading assignments and lectures through the date of the test The test will be about 3 4 from lectures 1 4 from reading assignments If you have thoroughly filled out everything on the study guide below and made a separate study guide with a list of the bold terms from the reading you should be prepared for the test We will cover units 12 13 8 and 14 UNITE 12 CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS From the reading BOLD TERMS My suggestion is to make flashcards out of all the bold terms as you read each day or just make a separate list of the bold terms and make sure that you can define each bold term offer examples of each bold term etc In addition you are responsible for understanding the following concepts from the reading attachment style Define the original 3 main types of attachment style anxious ambivalent avoidant and secure Define the 4 types of attachment in the revised model and know how they differ on each of the 2 dimensions of anxiety and avoidance Preoccupied or Anxious Ambivalent High on Anxiety negative attitude towards self and Low on Avoidance negative attitude towards others Fearful Avoidant High on anxiety and high on avoidance Secure Low on anxiety low on avoidance Dismissing Avoidant Low on anxiety high on avoidance What is a social constructionist theory of sexuality What is an evolutionary theory of sexuality Describe the basic tenets of Bem s theory on sexuality Describe the basic tenets of Diamond s 2 systems theory of sexuality Also know answers to the following questions from the book 1 Do men have a stronger sex drive than women 2 Who can more easily enjoy love without sex men or women 3 Who can more easily enjoy sex without love men or women 4 Define erotic plasticity Which gender exhibits higher erotic plasticity 5 Who is the gatekeeper of sex who restricts sex and decides when it will happen From the lectures Define the 3 essential components of love also known as Sternberg s triangle Passion physiological arousal longing sexual attraction Intimacy close bond sharing support Commitment willing to define as love long term Liking just intimacy Infatuation just passion Empty love just commitment Passionate or romantic love passion and intimacy without commitment Companionate love intimacy and commitment without passion Fatuous love Passion and commitment without intimacy Consummate love all 3 components Over the long term what seems to increase commitment and intimacy and what seems to decrease passion Passionate sexual attraction fades with time But feelings of intimacy and commitment increase Passion important for starting a relationship Commitment and intimacy necessary to ensure the relationship lasts Beginning of marriage Sex 18 times mth After 2 years After 3 years Sex 9 times mth Sorry guys but it goes down even further What is the difference between an exchange vs communal relationship Identify examples of each Exchange equity Based on reciprocity and fairness You owe me one More likely in relationships driven by passion Communal Based on mutual love and concern do things for each other without expecting to be repaid more likely in relationships with established commitment More mature and secure bond of trust established between individuals Relationship partners can feel safe What are the 3 main components of Rusbult s investment model 1 Satisfaction Do you like your partner Positive rewards and negative costs experiences 2 Quality of available alternatives Maybe relationship isn t satisfying but there is no one else available Relationship may be incredibly satisfying but there are better others out there 3 Investment how much has your partner put into the relationship Sunk costs Time effort emotion and other resources put into the relationship that can t be gotten back If you struggle to keep the relationship going for several years and just end it that s 2 years of work down the drain If you are satisfied with your relationship don t see alternatives and have invested in the relationship relationship remains If any of these factors is not up to par the relationship is more likely to end What did we say about how happiness in a relationship changes over time What does survey research reveal about what happens with the best relationships and the worst relationships Maintenance I love you more each day Relationships start off good Good ones stay good Bad ones get worse Positive vs Negative events What is Gottman s 5 to 1 ratio for a relationship to survive you need about 5 positive interactions for every 1 negative According to Gottman what are the relationship killers Can you define them and identify examples Can you explain which are a particular problem for women vs men criticizing stonewalling contempt reciprocity of bad behaviors Gottman Relationship killers Men stonewalling Women criticizing BOTH contempt invest in some Kleenex Reciprocity of negative behavior responding to something bad with something else bad EX Here s the typical cycle Women criticize men and men become defensive and emotionally withdraw from a criticism or conflict Stonewalling is easy to recognize Men cross their arms roll their eyes and adopt a fixed stone face sometimes turning away and speaking very little if at all course react poorly to stonewalling becoming angry hurt and Women of frustrated which likely causes them to criticize even more Researchers have determined that stonewalling puts tremendous physiological stress on the closed down man s heart and autonomic nervous system and produces Men measurable negative stress reactions for his mate as well The reason stuff their emotions without physically withdrawing from the conflict while women tune in to the man s emotions Any way you look at stonewalling both husband and wife suffer What attributions are made for good and bad behavior in a relationship enhancing attribution style and distress enhancing attribution style Be able to identify examples Relationship enhancing attribution Internal for good behavior External for bad behavior Distress maintaining attribution External for good behavior Internal attributions for bad behavior EX INTERNAL why did he buy me flowers Because he loves me EXTERNAL why was she short with me on the phone She must be busy at work DIS EXTERNAL Why is she being so nice She must want something INTERNAL Why is
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