Pro social Behavior Part 1 Social Psychology Test 3 o Pro social behavior doing something good for other people or for society as whole Direct volunteering Passive following rules like stopping at stop signs and going speed limit o Three key forms of Pro social Behavior Reciprocity The obligation to return in kind what another has done for us You scratch my back I ll scratch yours Cooperation Working together towards a common goal There are some goals we cannot do without others Prisoner s Dilemma o Two prisoners are put in a situation to confess If neither confesses each will get one year in prison If both confess each will get twenty years in prison If only one confesses and testifies against the other the one who did not cooperate with the police will get a life sentence and the one who did cooperate will get parole Forgiveness Empathy Altruism Egoism Ceasing to feel angry toward or seek retribution against someone you think has wronged you o Three possible reasons for pro social behavior helping The capacity to experience another person s emotional state However it is not sympathy which is closer to pity Helping without expecting anything in return Helping to increase your own welfare o Examples of Egoism Helping Corporation donations Companies love to tell you they are doing it but they only do the bare minimal Positive press and free advertising Private donations Getting a gift after donating money results in the person wanting to it more You vote and you get a sticker Donate blood and get a shirt People like to broadcast that they donated Pink Washing and Green Washing Pink for breast cancer Green for the environment BP British Petroleum changed to Beyond Petroleum People freak out when they find out companies profit more than they donate o Examples of if Altruism really exists Selfish gene We are more likely to help people who share our genes Negative state relief theory We help others to relieve our own distress You see someone in distress and you feel bad then you help them and you feel better Pro social Behavior Part two o Bystander effect they are alone o Six steps of helping People are less likely to help when they are in the presence of others then when 1 Notice that something is happening You have to be paying attention instead of listening to an iPod 2 Interpret the meaning of the event Pluralistic ignorance Looking around at other people to see their reactions and gage them Even if it is an emergency some people may stay calm while wanting to panic We are ignorant of the situation because no one wants to seem like they are panicking 3 Take responsibility for providing help Diffusion of reasonability In a large group of people and you place the blame on other people The responsibility gets diffused across the group Example Darely and Latane seizure study First version one person works with a partner in another room and they communicate through an intercom and the person says I m having a seizure Every person went to go check on them Another version the person is now working with five other people one of them says I m having a seizure each person was likely to help 4 Know how to help We will only help if we feel competent in doing so If a person fell from a ladder who would most likely help a nurse or a teacher The nurse would 5 View the target as worth helping Who would you help more likely Hitler or Mother Theresa A friend or a stranger 6 Provide help Audience Inhibition We do not want to be the fool who helped when help was not needed o The Good Samaritan A situation where clergy men in training are told to give a lecture about a Good Samaritan Some people got five minutes to go to the location and give the lecture and others an hour On the path way to the location there was a hurt old man and begs for help The people who had an hour stopped to help and ones who had five minutes did not o Beauty can affect helping People associate beauty with being a good person so they will help a beautiful person regardless of bad intentions Aggression Part 1 o Aggression behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid harm Hostile Aggression aggression against the target Passionate spur of the moment aggression Someone pisses you off and you punch them Instrumental Aggression A means to a great ends A plan to kill someone or hurt An assassination of an important person in order to change something Passive Aggression Aggressing by withholding a behavior Withholding the fact that pasta your friend is about to eat has peanuts in it and knowing that they are allergic to peanuts Active Aggression perform a behavior in order to harm the other person Putting peanuts in the person s food when you know they are allergic o Violence an aggression that is intended to cause physical harm Aggression Part 2 o Violent media can affect aggression Consuming of violent media correlates with increased aggression Lab study where one person played Tetris or grand theft auto and allowed them to aggress after with a blast of noise towards another person The violent video games show a little more aggression But we cannot connect this to the real world violence o Frustration aggression hypothesis A goal is blocked your friend keep beating you at a game You become frustrated You aggress you attack your friend Not necessarily The problem is when the hypothesis was purposed it was supposed to be an end all be all o How anger relates to aggression Anger Aggression thought the aggression would have made us happy again In a lab experiment they made the people feel an emotion then give them a mood freeze pill placebo They told them that they will be unable to change how they feel because of it no matter what Resulting in the angry people did not aggress more than normal people because they knew it would not change anything The experiment is to sit in a chair or exercise in an exercise bike for fifteen minutes Afterwards a controlled participant provoked them with a mean joke Then the participants were given a choice to shock to the other person The person riding the bike gave more stock because their heart rate was increased from the exercise o Excitation transfer theory o Three forms of hostile cognition Hostile attribution bias Hostile perception bias Hostile expectation bias Tendency to perceive others ambiguous actions as hostile Tendency to perceive social interactions in general as hostile Tendency to expect other to be hostile o Reject and Aggression Depends on the type of person
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