FSU SOP 3004 - Social Psych Textbook Notes

Unformatted text preview:

PAGE 129-152Automatic/Controlled ThinkingHumans have a duplex mindStroop test – color testStroop effect – first described by James Ridley Stroop in 1935Babies can ace the test because they cannot read!Five elements distinguish automatic from controlled processesAwareness, intention, control, effort and efficiencyAutomatic thinking relies on knowledge structures and requires little effortKnowledge structures – organized packets of info that are stored in memorySchemasKnowledge structures that represent substantial information about a concept, its attributes, and its relationships to other conceptsScriptsKnowledge structures that contain information about how people behave under varying circumstancesMotives, goals, intentions, situations that enable certain behaviorsPrimingActivating a concept in the mindFraminghow information is presented to othersGain-framed appeal – focuses on how doing something will make you feel healthier (flossing your teeth will remove bacteria)Loss-framed appeal – focuses on the downside such as the potential for great illness (if you don’t floss your teeth, you will have particles of food in your mouth that remain)Attributions: Why did that happen?Inferences people make about events in their livesIt’s not my fault: Explaining Success and FailureSelf-serving bias occurs for several reasonsMain reason: interpreting events in that way makes people feel goodYou looking at me? The actor/observer biasActors make external attributionsObservers make internal attributionsUltimate attribution error – error involves making an internal attribution about whole groups of people instead of specific individualsPeople judge others by their actions but judge themselves by their intentionsCovariation model –Consensus – whether other people would do the same thing in the same situationConsistency – whether the person typically behaves this way in this situationDistinctiveness – whether the person would behave differently in a different situationAttribution cube – uses three types of information: consensus, consistency and distinctivenessHeuristics: Mental ShortcutsConfirmation bias – the tendency to notice and search for information that confirms one’s beliefs and to ignore information that disconfirms one’s beliefsConjunction fallacy – tendency for people to see an event as more likely as it becomes more specific because is joined with elements that seem similar to events that are likelyIllusory correlationTendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at allOne shot-illusory correlation – an illusory correlation that occurs after exposure to only one unusual behavior performed by only one member of an unfamiliar groupBase rate fallacy – tendency to ignore or underuse base rate information and instead to be influenced by the distinctive features of the case being judgedGambler’s fallacy & the hot handHot hand – tendency for gamblers who get lucky to think they have a “hot” hand and their luck will continueIllusion of control – the false belief that one can influence certain events, especially random or chance onesMagical thinking – thinking based on assumptions that don’t hold up to rational scrutinySelf-RegulationThe self’s capacity to alter it’s own responses; self-controlThree main components: standards, monitoring and strengthWhat is Emotion?Conscious Emotion Versus Automatic EffectConscious emotion – powerful, single feeling stateAutomatic affect – responses of liking or disliking, of good and bad feelings toward somethingEmotional ArousalJames-Lange Theory of EmotionBodily processes of emotion come first and the mind’s perception of these bodily reactions then creates the subjective feeling of emotionFacial feedback hypothesisFeedback from the face muscles evokes or magnifies emotionsCannon-Bard Theory of EmotionThe thalamus will send two messages at the same time: one message that produces the emotional experience “fear” and one message that produces an increase in physiological arousalShacter-Singer Theory of EmotionEmotion has two components: a bodily state of arousal and a cognitive label that specifies the emotionMisattribution of arousalExcitation transfer – arousal from first event transfers to the second eventEx: drinking caffeinated tea  frustrationSome important emotionsHappinessAffect balance – frequency of positive emotions minus the frequency of negative emotionsThe hedonic treadmillA theory proposing that people stay at about the same level of happiness regardless of what happens to themAngerAn emotional response to a real or imagined threat or provocationThe Catharsis theory – expressing negative emotions produces a healthy release of those emotions and is therefore good for the psycheGuilt and shameGuilt – unpleasant moral emotion associated with a specific instance in which one has acted badly or wronglyShame – a moral emotion that, like guilt, involves feeling bad but spreads to the whole personAttraction powerpoint: Read 329-336, 372-377Attraction: Who likes whom?Ingratiation – what people actively do to try to make someone like themSimilarity, Complementarity, oppositeness“Opposites attract” or “Birds of a feather flock together”Similarity is a common and significant cause of attractionSelf-monitoring – the ability to change one’s behavior for different situationsPeople high in self-montoring seek to maximize each social situationPeople low in self-monitoring seek attention to permanent connections and feelings rather than fluctuating onesMatching hypothesis – the proposition that people tend to pair up with others who are equally attractiveAs people get to know each other and find out about dissimilarities, liking goes downSocial Rewards: You make me feel goodReinforcement theory – the proposition that people and animals will perform behaviors that have been rewarded more than they will perform other behaviorsPeople would mainly like others who are rewarding to them – those who benefit them or make them feel goodTwo themes of ingratitationFavorsPraiseTit for tat: Reciprocity and likingCulture depends on reciprocity: If I do something for you, you should do something for me in return.Reciprocity is also important in likingTrustworthiness is most valued in social appealMimicry causes liking to increasePeople are positively attracted when they learn that someone likes them, but if they do not want to


View Full Document

FSU SOP 3004 - Social Psych Textbook Notes

Documents in this Course
Emotions

Emotions

12 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

8 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

13 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

22 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

9 pages

Test 1

Test 1

18 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

59 pages

Groups

Groups

31 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

MORALITY

MORALITY

14 pages

Test 2

Test 2

10 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

13 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

7 pages

Groups

Groups

26 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

7 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

14 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

22 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

32 pages

Morality

Morality

10 pages

Prejudice

Prejudice

11 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

5 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Test 2

Test 2

13 pages

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

15 pages

Prejudice

Prejudice

18 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

18 pages

TEST 1

TEST 1

66 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

40 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

19 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Attitudes

Attitudes

37 pages

Test 2

Test 2

11 pages

Test 2

Test 2

21 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

25 pages

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

13 pages

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

14 pages

Notes

Notes

52 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

10 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

Load more
Download Social Psych Textbook Notes
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Social Psych Textbook Notes and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Social Psych Textbook Notes 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?