Stereotyping and Prejudice Part I Be able to identify the ABC s of prejudice stereotyping and discrimination o Affective Prejudice you feel affect a feeling an emotion o Behavioral Discrimination you perform a behavior involves doing something you can watch someone perform a behavior o Cognitive Stereotyping what you think your thought processes just a thought you can cognitively label a group Know what stereotypes are where they come from and why we form them o Process of assigning traits to individuals based on their perceived group membership o Having a mental schema of a group and extracting from that schema your stereotype and classify the individual we have preconceived notion about what people in a certain group are like and we assume the person carries those traits o Not always negative stereotypes Positive stereotypes black athletes are good at basketball if you cut off the first part black athletes are good at basketball then that s nice Being labeled based on your group and not based on your individuality makes people feel like they aren t unique or special Individuals who belong to positively stereotyped groups sometimes respond negatively to being stereotypes o We hold more negative stereotypes than we do positive o We naturally seek to categorize our world o We categorize different animals different brands of soda different cars and different Where they come from types of human beings o Out group homogeneity bias Refers to our tendency to perceive groups to which we don t belong as being more similarly internally than our own group We think people that we don t have contact with are more similar we just know the generalizations about a group broad general knowledge o Socialization If stereotypes are portrayed in our environment and culture even if we don t endorse them we will be aware of them and they will be a part of our socialization o Experience direct contact but more often than not Exemplars If we only know one Asian person we may assume all Asians are a certain way like the one Asian that we DO know Someone we take to be a representative of their group A large number of individuals we perceive one person to represent that whole group We assume that all members of a group or category share the behaviors and beliefs of that group or category s exemplars Tibetan monks we think of the Dahlia Lama we don t have any negative associations with him so we think of Tibetan monks as to be like him Mother Teresa we think of her when we think of nuns we form positive formations of those groups because of these good people But exemplars can be bad too they get media attention so that makes them appear as the exemplar Osama bin laden became the exemplar for Muslims we had a name a face and then an exemplar before him the group got very little attention from the American public and then because of him we had a face and it happened he found himself in the news and his group found themselves a bad exemplar AIG became exemplars of cooperate America Self fulfilling prophecies Stereotypes can be perpetuated by self fulfilling prophecies Early study females told they were going to be talking on the phone Males told they were either going to talk to very attractive woman or with a man very unattractive woman They have 10 15 min conversation with their partner Then they have to answer questions about the person how positive was this interaction When the men thought they were talking to a very attractive woman they thought she was very funny nice etc When they thought she was unattractive woman they thought she was boring and couldn t hold the conversation etc Researchers then added an additional condition They brought in a 3rd participant blind about men being shown attractive vs unattractive condition o Expectations our behavior the other persons behavior confirm expectations The 3rd participant rated the woman by listening to the peoples conversations and rate the women based on the way the men did They rated the women the same way the men did because the guys were more engaging and more interesting when they thought she was more attractive sending and receiving feedback is important in conversation and responding to that feedback happens there s 2 people You move in to the interaction with an expectation about how it will go based on what we know about who were having the interaction with that will influence our behavior in a certain way our behavior will affect the other persons behavior that means that even if the person doesn t know what our expectations are they are affecting the other person so we may end up confirming our expectations We use stereotypes to categorize the world even to people It s important to judge whether the elements of our environment are beneficial or harmful Heuristic thinking stereotypes help us make quicker decisions were cognitive misers don t even need to think about it So good or bad Bad is stronger than good Example with bean fest you first try a bean if one hurt you people would shy away from any bean with the same characteristics two dots and circular if it was a good effect they would eat all of them We categorize negative stimuli more quickly and generalize them more broadly We look through environment for things that will hurt us compared to things that are good for us leaves longer lasting impressions o We focus on negative characteristics and generalize them further that leads to harming social interaction Be able to define stereotype threat Understand what prejudice is and where it comes from o Stereotype threat the fear that one might confirm the stereotypes that others hold o Emotional component o Negative feelings towards members in a group based on stereotypes and preconceptions of a group Leads us to have negative feelings towards group Most prejudices are based on physical visible characteristics o Race and gender for example can t be hidden easy to identify White people tend to focus on where we USED to be but when you ask minorities they focus on things that haven t been changed yet Know some common targets of prejudice o Women among classical prejudice group cant disguise gender o The glass ceiling women make about 75 of what men make in the same job o Racial minorities colored and white water fountains slavery discrimination o Native Americans lost most of their land lots killed o o o Arabs prejudice that exploded after 9 11 very visible event that created anger and a Japanese Americans during WWII collected and put in camps
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