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Social Psychology Lecture Notes Lecture 1 Attraction Need to belong with mutual concern Rejection leads to o Humans have a fundamental and powerful need to belong o They need both regular social contact and stable relationships o Pain illness depression suicide eating disorders helplessness promiscuity low self esteem lowering meaning in life emotional numbness decreased cognitive functioning decreased self control less prosocial aggression MacDonald and Leary Panksepp o Rejected excluded animals lost pain sensitivity o Social emotion piggybacks on physical pain system Perhaps rejection stuns create temporary numbness to both Pressure Algometer pain and emotion Emotional Insensitivity Interpersonal Empathy o Rejected people can t feel their own pain Physical and emotional o Can we expect them to feel other s pain Empathy emotion that encourages prosocial behavior and inhibits aggression o Rejection Summary Numb to physical pain Numb to others emotional pain less empathy How do we get friendship o Propinquity the more we see and interact with people the more likely we are to become friends with them Sometimes physical closeness isn t as big a deal as we perceive it to be Functional distance has taken on new form Aka social media Mere exposure Moreland and Beach 1990 four women enrolled in class each showed up different amounts of time 0 5 10 15 Those that showed up more often were preferred over those that showed up less often Caveat if you already dislike someone exposure can increase disliking o Similarity Chartrand and Bargh 1999 Confederate and participant in interaction Confederate mimicked participant s body language or not How much did the participant like the confederate o When the confederate mimicked the participant participant liked them more than with no mimicry We also mimic others when we are attracted to them Behavior Personality You like House I like House We should date Physical Characteristics Matching hypothesis people are more likely to have successful relationships with others that they feel are equally socially desirable o Reciprocity social rewards We like people who like us o Physical Attractiveness People are more likely to seek out friendships with physically attractive people Appearance does matter Welcome week study 1966 o matched first year students for dance o personality and aptitude tests o asked to evaluate dates o what predicted interest Attractiveness What is beautiful is good o Eagly et al 1991 Physically attractive people are seen as more Sociable extraverted popular likable and happy Cultural differences Lecture 2 Romantic Relationships Finding a partner what is attractive o Symmetry something that people find attractive o Gender differences Waist to hip ratio cue for women s fertility Ages 20s Women Men Facial features masculine feature deeper voice wider face longer chin etc Testosterone if your face is symmetrical you have a lot of testosterone you have a really strong immune system How important is attractive o Li et al 2002 What do people prefer in their mates Design your ideal mate with 20 mate dollars Given 10 different characteristics and traits Each mate dollar corresponds to the 10th percentile increase in that trait o Ex 2 mate dollars spent on attactiveness intelligence humor friendliness income Conclusion Men most important to least important attractiveness intelligence humor friendliness income o Men spent 5 3 on attractiveness o Cared about intelligence 2 4 o Cared about income 1 2 o Cared about humor 2 1 o Cared about friendliness 2 0 Women most important to least important income intelligence humor attractiveness friendliness o Women spent 2 dollars on attractiveness o Cared about intelligence 4 2 o Cared about income 4 3 o Cared about humor 2 1 o Cared about friendliness 1 o Parental Investment Theory Trivers 1971 Consequences of sex Men o Rewards offspring o Costs 5 minutes Women o Rewards offspring o Costs 9 months increased vulnerability split resources Men prioritize attractiveness because it is the only thing that is important to them healthy and good looking children Women need more resources therefore they need men to be able to bring in a good income etc When we re in a relationship o Sternberg s Triangle There are three main components of what being in a relationship is like Passion Intimacy and Commitment Passion physiological arousal sexual attraction o Misattribution of arousal and passion o Coolidge Effect President Coolidge and his wife took a tour his wife saw the rooster mating around with all of the chickens and told the tourist to tell the husband about this When the tour guide did the husband said to tell her he does it with different chickens Men are more interested to mate when it s o We experience the most passion at the beginning a novelty of a relationship Intimacy feelings of closeness sharing support mutual concern Commitment conscious decision to remain in relationship Intimacy and commitment are necessary for maintaining the relationship The relative lengths of the sides of the triangle tell you the relativity of the relationship Commitment and intimacy increase along the years and passion starts higher but decreases o Decrease in passion Passion the rate of change of intimacy Baumeister and Bratslavsky o Passion exists when there is an increase in intimacy Sharper increase more passion o Passion as a function of change in intimacy Examples The beginning of a relationship When sharing novel experiences Marital therapy Seeing each other after being apart o Why do we stay in or leave relationships The Investment Model Satisfaction positive interactions experiences must outweigh negatives o By at least 5 to 1 Fighting vs sex o Relationship enhancing attributions to help Quality of available alternatives Investment Lecture 3 Romantic Relationships Cont The Investment Model o Satisfaction relationship enhancing attributions help maintain relationships What did he do this time She really likes me He s so romantic She must want something from me o Quality of available alternatives Will stay committed if no better alternative People in successful relationships devalue potential attractive alternatives and are inattentive to potential alternatives Alternative Mates Study Rowland Miller 1997 o Brought in people in relationships o Talked about partner o Talked about possible alternatives More positively they talked about them more likely to be broken up two months later o ALSO had the participants look at


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FSU SOP 3004 - Lecture 1-Attraction

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