FSU SOP 3004 - Chapter 4: Behavior Control

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Study Guide for Exam 2 Test will only have Multiple Choice or True False Questions and will take place on Tuesday Feb 28th The test will be about 40 50 questions and cover all material from reading assignments and lectures through the date of the test The test will be about 3 4 from lectures 1 4 from reading assignments If you have thoroughly filled out everything on the study guide below you should be prepared for the test Chapter 4 Behavior Control Bold terms from the reading Make sure you have done the reading well My suggestion is to make flashcards out of all the bold terms as you read each day or just make a separate list of the bold terms and make sure that you can define each bold term offer examples of each bold term etc From the lectures Self Determination Theory define intrinsic versus extrinsic motivations Know the benefits of self determined behavior Intrinsic originate inside the self deep passion Extrinsic originate outside the self outside pressures Self determined actions are actions endorsed at the highest level of reflection and engaged in the actions with a full sense of choice o Benefits More satisfaction More interest in what they are doing More confident Perform better More creative Happier and healthier What is the panic button effect Having the option to get out Knowing you have an out makes things less stressful even if you never use it Be able to explain reactance theory What are some of the common consequences of reactance Brehm people have a negative reaction to having options taken away or freedom reduced Forbidden option is more attractive Steps to reassert freedom Acts aggressively towards person restricted freedom Be able to define and identify examples of risk aversion temporal discounting the certainty effect keeping options open Risk aversion o Avoiding losses matters more than pursuing gains o Example people are more upset by losing 50 than they are happy about winning 50 Temporal discounting o The further away a payoff is the less it is worth o Example 1000 today is worth 1200 a year from now but we would rather choose the money today than wait The certainty effect o The more certain something is the more it is worth o Example if offered insurance costing only 50 of normal would only pay out in 50 of cases 80 of students refused the insurance o People tend to prefer to postpone decisions if that will allow them to keep options open o Example double majoring Keeping options open Be able to define and give examples of satisficing Meeting the minimum threshold of acceptability Examples people less likely to purchase a jam or chocolate if given 24 options instead of 6 Satisficers report less regret after making a choice Iyengar and Lepper 1999 2000 Be able to describe their findings and how they demonstrated why too much choice can be harmful Found that people were less likely to purchase a jam or chocolate or write an optional essay for class if given 24 or 30 options instead of 6 Reported less satisfaction with choices and wrote lower quality essays if given more choice Know the definition of self control Ability to control and regulate emotions desires and behaviors Know the 4 main domains categories of self control be able to identify examples Thought control Affect regulation Impulse control Performance control Describe the findings of the Mischel study Marshmallow study Used 4 year olds and asked if they wanted 1 marshmallow now or wait 10 minutes and get 2 marshmallows Followed up in adulthood Individuals who waited longer for the marshmallow had attained higher levels of education had better jobs and earned more money than individual who couldn t wait Describe and give examples of 1 Wegner s 2 process theory hint know what the two systems are called know what they do know what is meant by the white bear effect know what is meant by oppression equals obsession etc 2 systems o Monitoring system Detects inconsistencies Works unconsciously Monitoring for the unwanted though o Operating system Guides behavior change Works consciously Is called upon if the monitoring system identifies a problem White bear effect Paradoxical effect o Being told not to think about the white bear o Operating system is actively trying to suppress thoughts about white bear o Monitoring system is aware of possible triggers of white bear and is monitoring for thoughts of white bear o Makes suppression of thought difficult o Avoiding something o Conscious unconscious monitoring o Oppression obsession the more you try to oppress the thought the more you obsess about the thought o How to prevent it just go ahead and think about the thing you re trying to forget 2 Discrepancy reducing Negative Feedback Loop hint know what T O T E stands for know what kind of self regulation behavior change the TOTE model is good at describing Assess current situation Compare to reference values o Actual vs ideal ought unwanted Behavior change TOTE model o Test Operate Test Exit o Reduce discrepancy by testing new behavior pattern 3 Limited resource model hint know what is meant by depletion know whether or not depletion is domain specific understand the muscle metaphor understand some of the predictions of what happens to people exerting self control strength according to the limited resource model etc Self regulation is a fight between impulse and control o this is often a losing battle o winning the battle drains us of an important resource necessary to keep fighting Self regulation is like a muscle o Depletion o Strength o Only have a limited resource Automatic behaviors do not require self control Conscious controlled behaviors require self control Depletion will often effect controlled behaviors Enacting self regulation in one domain temporarily depletes your ability to regulate in other domains NOT domain specific Describe some independent and dependent variables used in the studies illustrating the limited resource model of self control Describe the Gailliot theory of the role of sugar in self control Willpower can be depleted Blood glucose is fuel for the brain Effortful tasks deplete blood glucose Studies have shown that a sugar drink can help restore self regulation Describe the methods findings of the milkshake study conducted by Galliot et al Experiment eating behavior in dieters IV 1 dieter or not IV 2 three conditions o Eat nothing hungry o 1 milkshake full o 2 milkshakes stuffed DV taste test later how much did they eat Know the ways in which alcohol is thought to reduce


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FSU SOP 3004 - Chapter 4: Behavior Control

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