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Social Cognitive SOP3004 Test 2 Study Guide o Social Cognitive Thinking about people and about social relationships o Cognitive Misers we want to spend little energy on mental tasks Little fuel to engage in high order thinking Ego depilation o The Duplex Mind Two ways of thinking Controlled process Slow effortful and deliberate Example Sudoku Automatic processes Quick effortless autonomic Example reading o Schema Ways to save on energy Knowledge structure that represent substantial information about a concept its attributes and its relationship to other concepts What you expect from something based on what you think it is o Schema Confirming o Schema Violating Doing what you expect from it Hedgehog cute see a cute one which enforces it Not doing what to do you expect Hedgehog that tries to bite you more effort to figure out what to do Know what to do at restaurants However scripts can be violated Order at counter or wait to be seated o Scripts o Automaticity o Priming Conscious behavior turns to automaticity Driving becomes automatic around Tallahassee after a while Exposing you to experience unconsciously to alter emotion thoughts Experiments Have the subjects fill the blank of words All elderly related words People primed with elderly and became slower after o Attributions Attribute why to actions Example someone running a stop sign Internal stable based on ability Example They did well on the test become they are smart Stays the same over time External stable task difficulty Everyone does bad in calculus Internal unstable effort Studied hard for tests not smart Not the same over time External unstable luck Got lucky on test by guessing o Fundamental Attribution Error We make a disproportionate number of internal attributions regarding other people s action We use external attributes towards ourselves Why We know what happens to us but we do not know what happens to other people thus internal o Heuristics Mental Shortcuts Designed to make thinking easier But it s a trade off Downside increasing for error o Ignoring base rate the odd of something happening More wide receivers than quarter back o Availability Heuristic Shark attack or falling plane parts in deaths is higher Falling plane parts is more But the idea of shark attacks is more available in the mind o Simulation Heuristic How you see yourself passing the next test If you usually do well you probably have confidence in yourself We respond more emotionally to an event when we can move easily imagine it having gone differently We judge the likelihood of an event by how easily we can imagine it happening o Anchoring and Adjustment Wheel of fortune study Experimenter spines a rigged wheel of number 10 or 65 Asked percentages of African countries are members of the United Nations People anchored from the number on the wheel Shown 10 guess 25 shown 65 and guessed 55 o Confirmation Bias Seeks out information that reforces our beliefs And ignore information that denies it Strengths Bias o Illusory Correlation Tendency to overestimate the link between variable that are only slightly related on that are not variable at all Especially likely when both events are rare I always forget my pencil on test days o Gambler s Fallacy Believing the chance events are influences by past chance past Hot streaks cold streaks bad luck has to snap third times a charm etc o Regression to the Mean Extreme scores or behavior tend to return to average Ex Do really well freshmen year but next year is the sophomore slump o Illusion of Control o Magical Thinking Belief that we can control random eventsases Example lucky charm such blowing on dice Assumptions that do not hold up to rational scrutiny Includes common superstations Ex black cats Believing you can influence events you have no control over Example sports Heuristics and Biases economics o Daniel Kahneman is the only psychologist to win a Nobel peace prize and he won it in o Prospect theory people make decisions based on the potentials value of losses and gains rather than the final outcome and that people evaluate these losses and gains using heuristics o Understand how various fallacies of thinking can prevent individuals from making rational choices Errors in Odds search memory for the answers that come first Example More r in first letter or third letter in words It s easier to recall r s as the first letter because it s the first letter Even through there are more words with r in the 3 letter Another example Tons of lottery winners on tv all the time But you will never see people on tv saying they lost Example A 2000 dollar Hawaiian vacation package is on sale for 1600 dollars Most people would buy it A 2000 Hawaiian vacation package is Error in value on sale for 700 dollars but when you try to buy it s now 1500 dollars Most people would not buy it Tendency to compare to the past Comparing with Possible comparing wine prices try to pick a more expensive wine however it does not matter if it is a thirty three dollars wine when you get it home Emotion and Affect o Emotion A conscious evaluative reaction to some event Example I m afraid of that spider A feeling state that is not clearly linked to some event Example I m just feeling kinda down today o Mood o Affect Autonomic response that something is good or bad Example Yuck I don t like that o Valence and Arousal Valence positive or negative Positive we like what to experience Arousal how much does it get your heart beat going High more of physiology response Example Excitement high arousal positive valence Example Relaxation low arousal positive valence Example Anger high arousal negative valence Example Sadness low arousal negative valence o Theories of emotion James Lange Emotional Stimulus You win a million dollars Physiological Arousal Your heart rate increases Experienced emotion You feel excited Canon Bard Emotional Stimulus You win a million dollars Experienced Emotion Physiological Emotion Both caused by the first action Singer Sachter Two Function Emotional Stimulus You win a million dollars Physiological Arousal Cognitive Label You identity the arousal as excitement Experienced Emotion excitement o Misattribution of Arousal Wobbly bridge attributed increased high heart rate but they would attribute the heart rate to the hot women experimenter You misattribute the state of emotions o Six Universal Emotions Happiness Anger Surprise Disgust Sadness Fear o Cultural Differences in Emotion Expression Western Cultures Eastern Cultures


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FSU SOP 3004 - Social Cognitive

Documents in this Course
Emotions

Emotions

12 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

8 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

13 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

22 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

9 pages

Test 1

Test 1

18 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

59 pages

Groups

Groups

31 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

MORALITY

MORALITY

14 pages

Test 2

Test 2

10 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

13 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

7 pages

Groups

Groups

26 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

7 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

14 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

22 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

32 pages

Morality

Morality

10 pages

Prejudice

Prejudice

11 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

5 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Test 2

Test 2

13 pages

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

15 pages

Prejudice

Prejudice

18 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

18 pages

TEST 1

TEST 1

66 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

40 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

19 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Attitudes

Attitudes

37 pages

Test 2

Test 2

11 pages

Test 2

Test 2

21 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

25 pages

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

13 pages

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

14 pages

Notes

Notes

52 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

10 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

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