Health Psychology 1 What are the three different models of stress and how do they each define stress lecture Selye Theory body s physiological response to threatening events stimulus Holmes and Rahe Theory stress is the degree to which people have to change or readjust their lives in response to an external event Lazarus and Folkman Theory negative feelings and beliefs that occur whenever people feel unable to cope with demands from their environment 2 What are the three stages of the Lazarus and Folkman model of stress lecture Three stages o Primary appraisal figuring out if stressor is threat or challenge o Secondary appraisal figuring out if you can cope with the stressor what options are available to cope Likelihood you can actually reduce the stress o Reappraisal can you actually handle the stressor or not 3 What are the two kinds of primary stress appraisals and which is perceived as more There are stressors that are perceived as threats or challenges threats are more stressful lecture stressful than challenges in each stage lecture energized to cope 4 What are the three stages of Selye s General Adaptation Syndrome and what occurs Alarm and Mobilization Phase awareness of stressor and nervous system becomes Resistance preparing to fight stressor and attempts to cope with it Exhaustion when resistance is inadequate all sources depleted 5 What is the social re adjustment scale and what does it measure lecture There is a scale that has a variety of life events on it with given values you pick the events that have occurred to you within the past year and then you add up all of the values If the number is under 150 you have a slim chance in becoming ill but if it is over 150 you have a moderate to high chance to get ill within the near future 6 What is the most widely accepted definition of stress lecture Lazarus and Folkman theory negative feelings and beliefs that occur whenever people feel unable to cope with demands from their environment 7 What are the top 5 stressors for college students lecture Concern over meeting high standards Being lonely Fear of wasting time Troubling thoughts about the future Not getting enough sleep 8 What does your book say about stress and illness and what evidence does it provide book pg 538 539 Rats were used in a variety of experiments and they found that rats that were injected with live cancer cells contracted a tumor faster when they were given shocks that were not escapable versus those rats who could escape shocks and those who did not receive shocks at all 9 What is depression how can it be characterized lecture and book pg 528 529 Characterized as thinking in negative terms self defeating thoughts magnifying bad experiences and minimizing good experiences unable to eat or sleep and indifferent towards friends and family 10 What is depressive realism Alloy Abramson 1979 How does it affect our judgments and why do these effects occur lecture and book pg 529 Depressive realism slightly depressed people make accurate rather than self serving judgments and attributions These effects occur because people who are depressed tend to exhibit a negative explanatory style negative and pessimistic style that attributes failure to stable global and internal causes 11 What are the three attributions that occur in depressed explanatory styles lecture Depressed people have a negative explanatory style o Internal I failed because I m stupid o Stable I will always be stupid and fail o Global My stupidity will hurt every aspect of my life 12 What is explanatory style therapy book pg 543 It is aimed at breaking the circle of depression by social skills training positive experiences that alter self perceptions and by changing negative thought patterns Layden had participants keep a journal and note their daily successes and failures attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external ones the more their explanatory style changed attributing failures to external instead of internal the more their depression lifted 13 Does depressed mood cause negative thinking or does negative thinking cause depressed mood What does this tell us about the cycle depressed people are caught in lecture and book pg 530 532 Depressed moods cause negative thinking and negative thinking causes depressed moods The cycle that depressed people are caught in is very hard to break because depression and negative attitudes go hand in hand in a continuous cycle 14 What is the difference between problem focused coping and emotion focused coping What sort of problems may each style help address lecture Problem focused deals with trying to change what the stressor is o Example studying for a test we might start studying earlier to reduce stress Emotion focused coping deals with trying to alter how the stressor makes us feel o Example we are stressed about an upcoming test we meditate and tell ourselves the exam won t be bad we are trying to change how we physically feel about the upcoming test 15 How does control affect coping in general and more specifically in problem vs Control affects coping because it is easier for us to enact in problem focused coping if a emotion focused coping lecture situation is entirely in our control It is harder for us to cope when the situation is out of our control so we are left to use emotion focused coping 16 What are the different types of social support lecture Instrumental emotional support and looking to others to help actually remove the stress o Example car breaks down so you call your friend to come pick you up Informational we use other people to try and gain information to help deal with the stressor o Example car ran out of gas so you call your friend to ask where the nearest gas station is Emotional looking to others to help tame emotions o Example your car breaks down so you call friend to help you calm down 17 What are the gender differences in the use of social support as a coping strategy Women use more emotional social support coping while men use more informational and lecture instrumental social support coping 18 How do media exposure self control self enhancement and dating contexts affect negative health behaviors lecture Media the more we see negative behavior the more likely we are going to participate in that unhealthy behavior Self control if we use up our cognitive resources on self control towards other things during the day we are more likely to give into negative or unhealthy behavior Self enhancement people are
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