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SOP3004 Exam 1 Study Guide 3 components of Evolution theory Define Social Psychology Describe ABC triad Why is Social Psychology more than Common Sense Experimental vs Correlation Studies Advantages Disadvantages of Correlation research Which graph is positive vs negative How natural selection works Understand the 2 criteria for natural selection Understand why some traits are not adaptive today Understand why being social is adaptive Understand the influence of nurture on development Understand how nature nurture interact to affect behaviors affect and cognition Cultural differences between collectivism individualism How to combine perspectives of evolution culture Why do we seek self knowledge How do we maintain self esteem Benefits Costs of high self esteem Private vs Public self awareness 3 parts of the self 4 ways to self concept Chapter 1 Mission Research Methods 1 The scientific study of how people think about others how they influence others and how they relate to WHAT IS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY one another a the scientific study i Applies the scientific method ii Systematically observes and measures behavior b people i Focuses on people ii Power of the situation iii Person X situation interactions c think about others i Attitudes Evaluations d influence others i Conformity Persuasion e related to one another i Behavior ii Kind Aggressive 2 The scientific study of how people affect and are affected by others ABC TRIAD 1 Affect 2 Behavior 3 Cognition pg 1 1 Hindsight Bias I knew it all along after something happens you think you should have known it was SOP3004 Exam 1 Study Guide WHY BOTHER WITH SCIENCE going to happen 2 Isn t common sense enough SCIENTIFIC METHOD 1 Observe State Problem a Use prior research findings b Use theories c Use general experience knowledge 2 Formulate Hypothesis a Theory unobservable constructs that are linked together in some logical way principles that explain predicted observed results i Example discomfort leads to aggression b Hypothesis an idea about the possible nature of reality a prediction tested in an experiment i Example stress causes aggression ii Hest causes aggression stress causes aggression frustration causes aggression a Correlation Research goal test how one variable is associated with another variable Is there a relationship Positive rising Negative falling 1 Correlation Coefficient 1 0 perfect positive to 1 0 perfect negative 3 Design Research a 0 indicates that two variables are not linearly correlated b c d r 0 1 small r 0 3 medium r 0 5 large ii Advantages often uses real world settings iii Disadvantages causation often ambiguous 1 Iron Law of Correlation correlation does NOT equal causation a A B b B A c C A B assignment b Experimental Research manipulate one variable IV and then observe the effect of that manipulation on another variable DV while holding all other variables constant 1 Advantage explore cause effect by controlling variable and by random 2 Disadvantage some important variables cannot be studied with experiments ii Independent Variable manipulated iii Dependent Variable measured iv Operational Definition observable operations procedures and measurements that are based on the IV s DV s v Random Assignment great equalizer to the IV 1 Two or more conditions groups a Experimental Group receive a treatment b Control do not receive a treatment 2 Random assignment is NOT Random Sampling 3 Example people have equal chance of being assigned to rejection condition or accepted condition Heads you are rejected tails you are not rejected vi Evaluating Research 1 Internal Validity experimental correlation pg 2 SOP3004 Exam 1 Study Guide a Did IV really have an effect on our DV b Did being rejected really cause longer time in ice bucket c Enhanced by i Experimental control over IV Random Assignment 2 External Validity experimental correlation a Can we generalize it b Does being rejected in lab differ from being rejected in real life c What if we used a different measure of pain sensitivity d Would we get the same results if we used a different age group 3 Reliability hitting the same spot a Across items i How aggressive are you ii How violent are you iii How much do you want to hurt me b Across time 4 Validity hitting the right spot 4 Test Hypothesis with Data 5 Communicate Results Chapter 2 Nature and Culture NATURE vs CULTURE 1 Nature the physical world around us including its laws processes 2 Culture an information based system that includes shared ideas and common ways of doing things a Evolutionary Theory i Foundation of studying all biology ii Allows for development of new predictions iii Provides framework for human behavior 3 Evolutionary Perspective a Common Features of Living Things i Drive to prolong life 1 Survival 2 Reproduction ii Change b Three Major Components i Heritability genes passed from parents ii Variation small percentage of genes change randomly and these random mutations may iii Natural Selection some mutations are more beneficial for survival and reproduction then be passed on to offspring than others 1 Determines which random mutations are passed on to the next generations c Genes Environment i Humans crave sweet fatty foods ii Today these things are too easily available d Sexual Selection 4 Social Animals Social Brain i Many animals are not loners ii Bigger brains associate with having larger more complex social groups pg 3 SOP3004 Exam 1 Study Guide iii Physical ability is not our strength NATURE vs NURTURE 1 Do our genes shape who we are a The Environment Experience i Affects brain development 2 Genes Environment Nature vs Nurture separate b Language a False Dichotomy often phrased as a competition between two forces BUT actually not even CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY Branch of social psychology that studies how thoughts emotions and behavior differ across cultures 1 Culture Self Construals a Individualistic Cultures self oriented i Individual Culture Independent Self Construal s Markus Kitayama 1999 b Collectivistic group oriented i Collectivistic Culture Interdependent Self Construal s Markus Kitayama 1999 ii Decision Making Kim Markus 1999 a Self Enhancement b American Japanese P s asked compared to your peers how do you rank on the following 2 Sedikide et al 2003 traits c Some traits were focused on self e g unique self reliant independent d Some traits were focused on interacting with others e g cooperative loyal respectful i Americans highest in self related traits lowest in others related traits ii


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FSU SOP 3004 - Social Psychology

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