Study Guide for Exam 1 Test will only have Multiple Choice or True False Questions and will take place on Thursday February 2nd The test will be about 40 50 questions and cover all material from reading assignments and lectures through the date of the test The test will be about 3 4 from lectures 1 4 from reading assignments If you have thoroughly filled out everything on the study guide below you should be prepared for the test Unit 1 The Mission and Method Bold terms from the reading Social Psych the scientific study of how people affect and are affected by others Anthropology the study of human culture Human culture consists of the shared values beliefs and practices of a group of people These values beliefs and practices are passed down from 1 generation to another Sociology the study of human societies and the groups that form those societies Applied Research applied to a specific problem Construct Validity of the cause the extent to which the IV is a valid representation of the theoretical stimulus Construct Validity of the effect the extent to which the DV is a valid representation of the theoretical response random assignment Quasi Experiment type of study in which the researcher can manipulate an IV but cannot use Internal Validity the researcher can be relatively confident that changes in the IV caused changes in the DV Confounded the effects of violence and the experiment cannot be separated Experimental Realism refers to whether participants get so caught up in the procedures that they forget they are in an experiment Mundane Realism refers to whether the setting physically resembles the real world External Validity the findings are likely to generalize to other people and settings From the lectures 1 What is the definition of social psychology Social Psych The scientific study of how people think about influence and relate to others Is social psych better than personal experience Applies the scientific method Systematically observing and measuring behaviors Examples 1 How good are we at judging people based on first impressions 2 What are the tactics of influence and persuasion Relate to one another This is where the social comes into play Others presence influences our behavior Conversely we influence the behaviors of others People don t even need to be present 2 A social psychologist tries to understand normal human behavior Personal experience can also help us understand normal human behavior What distinguishes social psychology from personal experience Paradoxical Social World Other people seem irrational to us not only do we question our own behavior but we also question others Nazi Germany why did they act that way Columbine Shootings Hate Crimes 3 What were the similarities and differences between Norman Triplett s studies and Max Ringelmann s studies Know which researcher conducted which set of studies Know what procedure they each used and what they found Be able to explain how these studies demonstrate when and why group size can increase versus decrease individual effort History of Social Psych First Social Psych Experiment Norman Triplett 1898 Noticed that bikers times on a track during practice were better when other bikers were around compared to being alone Children and fishing reel times Better when acting in presence of others Ringelmann 1913 Tug o war studies force exerting by people pulling in competitions when they by themselves compared to pulling with a team Amount of force each individual exerts goes down when there are other team Individual effort will not be so apparent when working with a team motivation members present is lost 4 Be able to explain the difference between the focus of psychoanalysis and the focus of behaviorism Have both had an influence on the field today Behaviorism sought out to explain all psych in terms of learning principles such favored as reward and punishment Behaviorists were opposed to talking about the mind thoughts emotions or other inner processes as they experiments and scientific methods Psychoanalyses Freud preferred elaborate interpretations of individual experiences instead of systematic studies that counted behaviors 5 Know what famous psychologists were associated with psychoanalysis Freud and behaviorism Skinner Different early schools of psych influenced social psych 1950s 60s Early psychologists focused on internal thought processes and functional behaviors Freud psychoanalysis Approach based on feelings and thoughts of people A little later behaviorism took over Skinner Only overt behaviors that can be observed should be studied Only interested in the behaviors that we can observe Experiments with rats Greater focus on empirical study of behavior 6 Explain the basic procedures and findings of the Milgram obedience studies Milgram and Obedience Studies Began in July 1961 An experimenter tells a teacher to shock a learner for every wrong answer the real participant always gets assigned the role of the teacher both slips in the hat both say teacher other participants knows about the experiment Milgram wants to see if people will do this because he tells them to 65 26 out of 40 of experiment participants administered the experiments final 450 Vold shock though many were uncomfortable doing so At some point every participant paused and questioned the experiment some said they would refund the money they were paid for participating Only one participant steadfastly refused to administer shocks before the 300V shock 7 Be able to define and explain what is meant by the cognitive revolution 1960s 1990s Cognitive Revolution Threw behavioral psych for a loop New focus on internal thought processes Influenced by computer science and artificial intelligence New Perspective Does the way we think about the world influence the behaviors we enact 8 Explain the basic procedures and findings of the Stanford prison experiments Understand what basic concept the Stanford prison experiments illustrated Power of the Situation Prison Riots Stanford Prison Experiment Zimbardo 1971 College students asked to be either prisoners or guards People adapted to their roles quickly Experiment had to be stopped early This study is important today because the question of being bad from birth 9 Be able to list understand and identify examples of the some of the major requirements that Human Subjects Review Boards put in place for research today Ethics of Experimental Research Today Institutional Review Board Informed consent Before you
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