Test 2 Study Guide Emotion Lecture Objectives three terms 1 What is emotion What is mood What is affect What are the differences between these A conscious reaction to something Even though we feel emotions consciously Emotion they are mostly outside our conscious control Mood Affect includes all good emotions or all bad emotions The differences are emotion is a reaction a mood is not clearly linked to anything and the affect is an automatic response a feeling state that is not clearly linked to some event the automatic response that something is good or bad liking or disliking Either 2 What is the difference between conscious emotion and automatic affect Emotion is a conscious reaction often including a bodily response to something in contrast we use the term affect to refer to the automatic response that something is good or bad either we like or dislike Emotion takes time affect is very fast 3 How is emotion modeled in the following three theories of emotion James Lange theory Cannon Bard theory and Schachter Singer theory How are they different from each other James Lange theory They proposed that the bodily processes of emotion come first then the mind s perception of these bodily reactions creates the feelings of emotion o Crying feel sad Cannon Bard Theory time in response to an emotional stimulus making both the feeling of an emotion and bodily response happen at once They proposed that the thalamus sends two messages at the same o Crying sad at the same time Schachter Singer Theory bodily state of arousal is the same in all emotions the other the cognitive label is different for each emotion They proposed that emotions has two components one the o Arousal o Cognitive label determines there is going to be an emotion dictates which emotion will be felt 4 What are Dutton Aron 1974 arguing in their article How did they test for this in their first study How does this research support the Schachter Singer theory Two bridges one scary one not Hot girl at the beginning of each had men fill out a quick survey and told them to call her if they had further questions Men crossing the scary bridge called her more They labeled their fear of the bridge as an attraction Fear was successfully converted to love p 166 Bodily states of emotion are the same in all emotions The cognitive label is different for each In excitation transfer the arousal from one event transfers to a subsequent event 5 What is excitation transfer How is it related to the Schachter Singer theory Excitation transfer The arousal from one event transfers to a subsequent event o Ex Kissing your date after a rollercoaster 6 What is happiness How do social psychologists define it the book gives three different definitions What causes happiness Why is happiness important Happiness 1 Simply feeling good right now ex Eating something good feeling the sun 2 Enjoying many positive experiences Affect balance is the frequency of happy emotions the frequency of bad emotions 3 Life satisfaction comparing your life to a standard decide whether it lives up to your hopes and goals Happiness is rooted towards one s outlook and approach to life as well as in one s genes Happiness is important cause it is linked to a variety of good outcomes including health and success in life Which of the objective predictors have a negative impact on happiness and why Having children Parenthood is riddled with self deception and illusion Parents don t want to believe they made a mistake by having kids and try to rationalize their sacrifices 7 What is the hedonic treadmill Describes the tendency to revert to one s usual level of happiness after an emotional 8 What is anger What causes anger to occur What are the three different ways to deal with event anger an emotional response to a real or imagined threat or provocation Anger is Anger greater if one sees the other person s actions as a very harmful b random and arbitrary or c deliberately cruel What are the three different ways to deal with anger Never show anger not acting angry can sometimes diminish the anger Vent one s anger catharsis theory says expressing anger can be a healthy release of emotion not great findings Get rid of the anger either mentally or physically o Ex Distract yourself or relaxing and counting to 10 9 What are the differences between guilt and shame What are the different effects guilt has on an individual Shame is usually destructive while guilt is usually constructive Guilt usually motivates people to do good acts and make amends to repair damage to their relationship 10 Why do we have emotions What do emotions influence Emotions compromise an important and powerful feedback system telling us whether something is good or bad Emotions influence relationships learn from mistakes influence people to engage in risky behavior and disregard consequences 11 What is affective forecasting Why is anticipated emotion important the pre ability to predict one s emotional reactions to future Affective forecasting events Anticipated emotion helps to avoid acts that they expect to make them feel sad or angry and favor acts that they think will make them feel happy satisfied or relieved 12 What are the six basic emotions that most people can identify Anger Surprise Disgust Happiness Fear Sadness they 13 Are there any differences between men and women in regards to emotion If so what are Men may be slightly more emotional than women but women may feel more willing to report their emotions and claim to have stronger feelings Men fall in love faster than women and women fall out of love faster than men 14 What is the Yerkes Dodson law How is it related to the difficulty of the task Yerkes Dodson law performance Performance is generally lower for a difficult task some arousal is better than none but too much can hurt 15 Can people directly regulate their emotions What strategies do people use to try to regulate their emotions affect People attempt to regulate their emotions by doing things that feel good distracting themselves from negative emotions controlling their arousal seeking social support or dealing with the emotion causing issue directly Attitudes Learning Objectives 1 What is an attitude How is this different from a belief P 200 pieces of info facts opinions about something global evaluations toward some object or issue like dislike Attitudes Belief Example of differences Whether you think it is cloudy outside or if someone is a president that s a belief Whether you like the
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