SOP3004 Study Guide for Exam 3 Chapter 10 Attraction Segal 1974 Police trainees had assigned seats After 6 weeks they wanted to see whom these people were closest to People who were sitting near each other tended to be friends Mere Exposure The tendency for people to like things simply because they see or encounter them repeatedly Matching Hypothesis the idea that people are more likely to form successful relationships with and express liking for people whose level of physical attractiveness roughly equals their own Attraction between sexes What Males Find Attractive in Females Men like women with a waist This is called the waist to hip ratio which regardless of size is usually 7 70 of the hip measurement Men also are attracted to more youthful women What Females Find Attractive in Males Women tend to be attracted to more masculine features in men such as a square jawline a prominent chin heavier eyebrows and thinner lips Li et al 2002 Participants were told to design their ideal mate with 20 They were given 10 different characteristics and traits Physical Attractiveness Yearly Income Intelligence Kindness Creativity Sense of Humor etc Because they only had 20 they had to limit what their priority was Each mate dollar corresponded to a 10 increase in that trait Men prioritized attraction They didn t care at all about yearly income and the other Women tended to care less about attractiveness and cared more about intelligence areas were about even and a lot more about yearly income Provost et al 2008 Women came in at different points in menstrual cycles then they rated how attracted they felts toward point light walkers points of light that looked like a human being walking Found that across the cycle women like status But attractiveness had a high value during ovulation Miller Maner 2009 Smell t shirt worn by women at different points in their menstrual cycle Wanted the women s natural body smell Men smelled the t shirts and rated how pleasant they thought the smell was Men found the t shirts of women ovulating more pleasant smelling than the t shirts of women who were not ovulating Also found an increase in testosterone levels for the men who smelled the t shirts of ovulating women as opposed to those who smelled the t shirts of the non ovulating woman Clark Hatfield 1989 People would ask to other students on campus o Would you go on a date with me o Would you like to come back to my place o Would you like to have sex When the female experimenter would be asking random guys these questions 50 of the guys said they d go on a date 70 go back to apartment and 80 said they d be willing to have sex When the male experimenter would ask random girls these questions about 50 would go out with them 10 would go back to the apartment and 0 would agree to having sex Men are more willing to engage in casual sex However men and women are similar when it comes to long term partners Chartrand Bargh 1999 Confederates and participants engaged in an interaction There were two conditions either the confederates mimicked the participants movements or they did not It was then measured how much the participants like the confederates It turned out that the participants like the confederates more when they were mimicking their movements Similarity We also mimic other people when we are attracted to them and like people who are similar to us more o Being similar with someone in behavior personality and attractiveness promotes attraction towards that person Social Allergy Effect the idea that a partner s annoying habits become more annoying over time Parental Investment Theory Trivers 1972 For different species there are different consequences of having sex For males and females there are different consequences for having sex For men the reward of having sex is potentially creating offspring and the cost is only a few minutes For women though although there is a reward of offspring the cost is 9 months of being pregnant increased vulnerability and split resources Therefore what is best for men is a short term mate and what is best for a women is a long term mate Essentially is the cost worth the rewards Error Management Theory Haselton Buss 2000 Have to ask Is this person sexually interested in me or would this person stay committed Men overestimate sexual interest but not commitment But women underestimate commitment but not sexual interest Chapter 11 Close Relationships Sternberg s Triangle how does it change over time Passion physiological arousal sexual attraction important for the beginning of a relationship Intimacy feeling of closeness sharing support mutual concern important for maintaining a relationship Commitment Conscious decision to remain in relationship important for maintaining a relationship The Investment Model Rusbult 1983 Satisfaction How happy are you with your partner o MacDonald Ross 1999 Looked at the satisfaction component of the Investment Model Parents Roommates and Participants made judgments about relationship quality and how long relationship would last then it was actually measured how long the relationship lasted The Participants predictions were correlated with the results but they overestimated The roommates had the most accurate predictions Available Alternatives Are there others who would make better partners o Miller 1997 Looked at the available alternatives component of the Investment Model Participants in relationships viewed slides of magazine ads then it was measured if they were still in relationship 2 months later Individuals who spent less time gazing at ads with attractive opposite sex individuals reported greater relationship satisfaction and adjustment than those who spent more time looking at them Investment How much have I put into this relationship o Sunk Cost invested resources you can t get back You don t want those investments to be for not Chapter 12 Prosocial Behavior Prosocial Behavior voluntary behavior intended to benefit another A social behavior that benefits other people or society as a whole such as helping sharing donating co operating and volunteering Bystander Effect The tendency to be less likely to help as number of other bystanders increases https www youtube com watch v 78jz1PNnYaQ Darley Latane 1968 o Participants sat alone in cubicles They thought they were participating in a conversation with 1 other person 2 other people or 5 other people One person mentions during conversation that they are prone to seizures Then a few minutes
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