Aggression Learning Objectives Chapter 10 BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE AND COME UP WITH AN EXAMPLE FOR EACH 1 What are the 3 important features that define an act as aggressive lecture and book pg 354 Aggression is behavior not an emotion or a thought It is intentional Victim wants to avoid harm 2 Be able to categorize an aggressive act as direct or indirect lecture hostile or instrumental lecture and book pg 355 and active or passive lecture Active taking action to inflict harm gossip is active Passive NOT doing or telling someone something to inflict harm Hostile hot emotion motivated by emotions Direct target of aggression is present Instrumental motivated by achieving some other means Indirect target of aggressive act is not present 3 Explain the frustration aggression hypothesis both old and revised What does this hypothesis not predict lecture and book pg 360 362 If there is a blocked goal it leads to frustration and anger which then leads to aggression frustration triggers a readiness to aggress o Frustration is anything that blocks us from attaining a goal The new hypothesis deals with how frustration produces anger which is an emotional readiness to aggress o A frustrated person is likely to lash out when aggressive cues come into play versus just turning frustration into aggression immediately 4 What is relative deprivation book pg 362 The perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself 5 What is the social learning theory of aggression Know the Bobo doll study What does this tell us about how we may learn aggressive behavior lecture and book pg 363 365 Social learning theory of aggression is the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished The Bobo doll study looks at how children react after watching a violent video where someone is beating up the bobo doll versus how children react to the doll regularly Aggression is a learned behavior if we see aggression especially at an early age we are more likely to act aggressively 6 What does the book say about neural and genetic influences on aggression book pg 356 Neural systems in both animals and humans facilitate aggression abnormal brains can lead to more aggressive behavior but abnormal brains are not the reason some people have more aggression than others Genetic influences on aggression include differences in individuals temperaments and genes studies have shown that aggressive behavior combines genes that alter neurotransmitters with childhood maltreatment o Genes on their own do not dispose late aggressiveness and antisocial behavior but genes predispose some children to be more sensitive and responsive to maltreatment 7 How does testosterone affect aggression lecture and book pg 358 359 The more testosterone we have the more aggressive we are 8 What was the measure for testosterone exposure 2d 4d ratio that we talked about in class and how does it work lecture 2D 4D is where we can compare the pointer finger to the ring finger the larger the difference the more exposure to testosterone we have in our bodies 9 How do biology and behavior interact to predict aggression book pag 360 Genes give a basis for which children are going to be more sensitive than others and it also predicts how they react to maltreatment This together with social influences biochemical influences testosterone levels and neural makeup determine how aggressive someone is going to be Nature and nurture interact when trying to predict aggression 10 Who is more aggressive males or females lecture Males 11 How do heat pain alcohol use lecture and book pg 358 aggressive cues lecture and book pg 368 369 and culture affect aggression lecture and book pg 364 When it is hot outside more crimes occur which means people are more aggressive When pain is involved it triggers emotions and emotions can then bring on more Alcohol use heightens the probability that an individual will become aggressive aggression if they are hot emotions especially when provoked Aggressive cues lead to the release of built up anger guns also heighten aggression Culture affects aggression because some cultures it is more acceptable to fight over reputations and honor so people are raised to fight when those types of things come into question 12 What were the individuals differences discussed in class and how did they affect aggression lecture Narcissism superiority and entitlement o Affects aggression because if that superiority is threatened aggression is brought on Psychophaic can t feel empathy lack of basic affective responses o Affects aggression because if people do not feel empathy towards others they are less likely to care about their situation and if they get angry aggression might be their response and they won t have empathy for how badly the other person is hurt or not 13 Why did humans evolve an inclination to be aggressive What was aggression s function in the past and how is it functional dysfunctional today lecture and book pg 356 Animals use aggression to take necessary resources mates and other things that are necessary to their survival this means that it is natural for humans to feel aggressive Aggression committed against the right people at the right time is considered a social Aggression is said to improve the odds of reproduction which ensures the success of your Aggressive energy is instinctive an innate unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all success genetics members of a species 14 What does your book say about all the different ways that violent video games can increase aggression book pg 379 382 Players identify with and play the role of a violent character They actively rehearse violence instead of passively watching it They engage in the whole sequence of enacting violence selecting the victims acquiring weapons and ammunition stalking the victim aiming the weapon and pulling the trigger They are engaged with continual violence and threats of attack They repeat violent behaviors over and over They are rewarded for violent acts Decreases in helping others and in empathy for others Become desensitized to violence 15 Does viewing violent media increase aggression What is the evidence for or against this claim lecture and book pg 373 376 There is a correlation between violent media and aggression but the evidence does not suggest cause and effect Researches have determined that the alternative explanations dealing with media and aggression
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