Study Points Emotions AS ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE 1 What are the differences between emotion affect and mood o Emotion A specific evaluative reaction to some event we are always conscious and aware of our emotional state o Mood General disposition or state not tied to a specific event untraceable o Affect Valence of evaluation toward an event unconscious sudden reactions can lead us to act in very specific ways 2 How does affect motivate behavior and why does it do this o Everyday decisions such as where do you ant to eat o Affect is a feeling or emotion o If someone has a bad experience with a certain stimuli that will cause an affect on one s behavior toward that stimuli 3 Are affective responses automatic or controlled and what are the implications of this Are affective responses weak or strong o Automatic which causes physiological arousal o Affective responses are weak because when told to control themselves they felt twinges of affect o Someone who is brain damaged never learns how to anticipate loss 4 How does affect contribute to learning and decision making How does the Iowa Gambling Task study demonstrate this o Control group learned to avoid risky decks and to stick to the same decks overtime loss punishment o Brain damaged patients never learned this and therefor didn t learn to anticipate Even when losing money they continued to choose from the wrong pile 5 What were the different theories of emotion discussed in class How do each of them explain how we reach our emotions Which is the currently accepted theory and why o James Lange Theory of Emotion Stimulus Physiological Arousal Emotion Saying that arousal is strictly tied to one emotion they can actually be tied to several different emotions o Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion Stimulus Physiological Arousal Emotion Lacks cognitive appraisal o Schacter Singer Theory of Emotion Stimulus Physiological Arousal Cognitive Appraisal Emotion Current accepted theory involves cognitive appraisal Can lead us to mistakes reinterpret our emotionsdifferently 6 What is misattribution of arousal and what were the methods and findings of the study examples we discussed in class o The process whereby people make a mistake in assuming what is causing them to feel aroused o Method Men ran in place for 15 or 120 seconds Sawvideo of attractive woman they are expected to meet o Results 120 HIGHER than 15 in attraction towardATTRACTIVE woman 120 LOWER than 15 in attraction toward UNATTRACTIVE woman 7 What is the domain specificity theory of emotions o Effect of emotion is dependent upon specific emotion 8 What are the specific functions of specific emotions discussed in class o Disgust Avoid disease Sadness Seek social support Sexual arousal Find a romantic partner Love Maintain relationship 9 What were the methods and findings of the study on attention and love o Think about a time you were happy vs in love o How do we direct our attention Love motivates them to stay committed to relationships Showed pics of Those happy looked longer at the attractive opposite sex than in love attractive opposite sex did 10 How do we know that emotional expressions are universal and automatic o Communication for survival o Running into a group of strangers and looking at their expressions will give us a better idea of how they are feeling or their intentions Expressions are functional disgust anger fear 11 What factors affect how we perceive emotions What factors affect how we express emotions o Our expectations stereotypes o Cultural power and gender differences 12 What are the gender differences in emotion if there are any o Women are quicker and better at identifying other s emotions o Men are less likely to show sadness Study Points Attitudes and Behavior 1 What are attitudes How are they different from beliefs o Favorable unfavorable and indifferent or ambivalent evaluative reaction toward something or someone o A belief is more factual information rather than opinionated 2 What were the sources of attitudes covered in class How does each source affect attitude formation o Family peers surroundings etc o Affect Emotions Cognition Feelings Behavior How you act towards others 3 What is the mere exposure effect and what were the methods and findings of the study on it that we discussed in class o Mere exposure effect favorability increases with greater exposure o Method o Results Subliminal exposure to novel characters P s picked which character they liked most Which one did they pick The one they were continuously exposed to 4 What is attitude polarization o Attitudes become more extreme by convincing ourselves that they are correct 5 When do attitudes affect behavior Know the studies that demonstrate that attitudes affect behaviors o Housing Crisis at Cornell Some students in permanent housing vs some in temporary housing Both groups had negative attitudes toward the housing crisis Did they act on it Results Neither group liked the situation but only those who were in temporary housing were the ones to act on it o 1984 Election Reagan vs Mondale Measure how quickly people rated candidates 4 months later who did you vote for Quicker responses more accessible 6 What are implicit and explicit attitudes and how do they differ Is it possible to have opposing implicit and explicit attitudes o Explicit attitudes controlled and conscious evaluative responses o Implicit attitudes automatic and nonconscious evaluative responses Yes If I don t like insects its harder to match it with pleasant 7 How does social desirability affect our ability to measure attitudes o Weak relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes o Possible reasons Desirability them People will change the way they behave to conform to around 8 What are some ways that we discussed in class that researchers measure attitude driven behaviors under the radar o Those were the methods that were more subtle in trying measure explicit attitudes These were methods like the lost letter set up wrong phone number and looking at how close people sat to outgroup members 9 What is the Implicit Association Test and how does it work o Testing association between two concepts Positive or negative word while also shown something positive like a flower or a negative things like an insect Switch is up and shown positive word and negative thing Slows down our association time Messes up accuracy 10 When are implicit vs explicit attitudes formed o Implicit attitudes stem from
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