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Social Psychology Personality Psychology focus on the person individual differences in people cause them to behave differently construal of the environment is more influential on behavior than the actual reality personality tests of the environment Cross cultural psychology influence of ones culture different cultures have different rules and value systems norms what may be true in our culture may not be true in another Cognitive psychology how we reason how memory works how we organize our view of the world Biology and evolutionary psychology not nature vs nurture nature and nurture influences of the environment nature our genes what is on our nature that causes us to act a certain way certain behaviors may have been selected for in the past and may lead to predis positions Sociology vs social psychology sociology look at groups social psychologists look at the average individual in the group psychologist use far more experimental methodology Is psychology a science psychology only proves things that we already know hindsight bias the tendency to exaggerate one s ability to have foreseen an out come after learning about it proverbial and anecdotal knowledge can support almost any claim everyday observations and inferences are not always right Answering why with social psychology social psychology uses the scientific method to answer questions about human na ture through carefully designed experiments social psychologists are able to distin guish between common sense and the truth Theories vs Hypotheses theories are integrated principles that explain and predict observed events hypothesis is a testable prediction allow theories to be tested Testing theory Social Psychology theory clothing color influences people s aggressive tendencies hypothesis people who wear black are more aggressive than people who don t wear black correlational approach natural relationships strength of relationship between two variables ask people how often they wear black and determine if it associated with how aggressive they are correlation does not equal causation Field study observations in a natural setting nothing is manipulated no control over variables example examine whether football teams that have black uniforms make more ag gressive plays than ones wearing non black uniforms Experimental approach conduct a lab study where participants are randomly assigned to wear either a black or white shirt and then measure their aggression experimental and control conditions measuring aggression independent variables are often controlled of manipulated color of the shirt dependent variables are measured aggression benefit of random assignment the participants who wore black shirts and white shirts were equal on all other factors except the color they were wearing people who are naturally aggressive have an equal chance of being in each group Experimental research life mundane realism is the behavior studied in the experiment applicable to everyday experimental measures functionally stimulate real life behavior if findings are applicable to real life experiment has high external validity experimental realism is the experiment engaging ethics of experimental research Institutional Review Boards informed consent use deception only if essential protect people from hard confidentiality important Social Psychology debrief participants at the end People and experiments Remember James James represents the typical case he is an average represents our best estimate under experimental conditions he is NOT an individual he is the average distinct from anecdotes or individual experience read chapter 1 The Self The triad social psychologists are interested in three main aspects of human experience Affect feelings emotions mood Behavior actions taken Cognition thoughts or mental processes example a researcher might be interested in aggression and measure A measure heart rate while people watch a violent movie example researcher in aggression might measure B how many times someone hits a punching bag after being insulted example a researcher in aggression might be interested in measuring C ask someone to report their thoughts after performing an aggressive activity The Self Concept Self knowledge introspection the looking glass self percep tion vicarious self perception Study 1 Maier 1931 2 strings behavior affected by environmental cues Study 2 Nisbett and Wilson stocking preference People have limited introspective access Introspection we usually what he think or feel but not often why Social Psychology Self concept construction is a multifaceted active process The Looking Glass Self learning about ourselves through other s feedback or by imagining how others positive reaction increase that performance negative reaction decrease that see us performance discrepancies people s opinions of themselves do not perfectly match those of others people don t always accept the opinion of others others don t always have complete insight not the entire picture Self Perception observing our behavior and actions as we would observe others then interpreting actions participants performed a boring knob turning task asked to lie and were either paid 1 or 20 then filled out questionnaire 1 dollar p s enjoyed the task more p s remembered they convinced someone to do the task dollar is insignifi evaluating the task cant justification need some justification for convincing other person in novel situations we look to our behavior to make up our minds Vicarious Self Perception people have a merged identity with similar others sense of connection with others based on important self relevant trait or feature learn about ourselves by watching merged others incorporate new info into self from merged Goldstein and Cialdini 2007 measured participants brainwaves also measures another student half told them they had a close match heard student interview participants rated themselves as nicer more caring v controls only if they were a close match to the interviewee Four ways of constructing Self Introspection inner voice The Looking Glass Self learn from opinions feedback of others Self perception observe yourself from the position of a stranger Vicarious self perception change self to mirror merged others Self Esteem Social Psychology Self concept knowledge of ones self Self esteem evaluation of ones self trait how good you feel generally state how good you feel at the moment varies around trait High vs low self esteem self protection vs self


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FSU SOP 3004 - Social Psychology

Documents in this Course
Emotions

Emotions

12 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

8 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

13 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

22 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

9 pages

Test 1

Test 1

18 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

59 pages

Groups

Groups

31 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

6 pages

MORALITY

MORALITY

14 pages

Test 2

Test 2

10 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

13 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

7 pages

Groups

Groups

26 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

7 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

14 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

22 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

32 pages

Morality

Morality

10 pages

Prejudice

Prejudice

11 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

5 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Test 2

Test 2

13 pages

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

15 pages

Prejudice

Prejudice

18 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

18 pages

TEST 1

TEST 1

66 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

40 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

19 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Attitudes

Attitudes

37 pages

Test 2

Test 2

11 pages

Test 2

Test 2

21 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

25 pages

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

13 pages

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

14 pages

Notes

Notes

52 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

10 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

10 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

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