L1: 6.111 Course OverviewRecommended Books6.111 Goals and PrerequisiteOverview of LabsFinal ProjectGrading and CollaborationThe First ComputerMeanwhile, in the World of Theory…Key Link Between Logic and CircuitsEvolution of Digital ElectronicsBuilding Digital SystemsBuilding Digital Systems with HDLsVerilog and VHDLLevels of Modeling in VerilogVerilog HDLEmbedded Digital SystemTI Digital Camera ControllerReal-World Performance MetricsVerification and TestingThe Inverter: Voltage Transfer CharacteristicExample Noise Sources in Digital CircuitsThe Inverter: Noise Margin Regenerative PropertyLab Hours, Equipment, ComputersThe 6.111 LabL1: 6.111 Spring 2006 1Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryL1: 6.111 Course OverviewL1: 6.111 Course OverviewAcknowledgements: Materials in this lecture are courtesy of the following sources and are used withpermission. Rex Min J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic. Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective.Prentice Hall/Pearson, 2003.L1: 6.111 Spring 2006 2Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryRecommended BooksRecommended Books Logic Design: Randy Katz, Gaetano Borriello, Contemporary Logic Design, Pearson Education, 2005 Verilog: there are plenty of good Verilog books and on-line resources. We recommend the book below for a basic introduction to Verilog: Samir Palnitkar, Verilog HDL, Pearson Education (2nd edition)L1: 6.111 Spring 2006 3Introductory Digital Systems Laboratory6.111 Goals and Prerequisite6.111 Goals and Prerequisite Design and Implement Complex Digital Systems Fundamentals of logic design : combinational and sequential blocks System integration with multiple components (memories, discrete components, FPGAs, etc.) Use a Hardware Design Language (Verilog) for digital design Interfacing issues with analog components (ADC, DAC, sensors, etc.) Understand different design metrics: component/gate count and implementation area, switching speed, energy dissipation and power Understand different design methodologies and mapping strategies(discrete logic, FPGAs vs. custom integrated circuits) Design for test Demonstrate a large scale digital or mixed-signal system Prerequisite Prior digital design experience is NOT Required 6.004 is not a prerequisite! Take 6.004 before 6.111 or Take 6.004 after 6.111 or Take both in the same term Must have basic background in circuit theory Some basic material might be a review for those who have taken 6.004L1: 6.111 Spring 2006 4Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryOverview of LabsOverview of Labs Lab 1: Basics of Digital Logic (Discrete Devices) Learn about lab equipment in the Digital Lab (38-600): oscilloscopes and logic analyzers Experiment with logic gates, flip-flops, device characterization Introduction to Verilog Lab 2: Simple FSM (Traffic Light Controller) Design and implement simple Finite State Machines (FSM) Use Verilog to program an FPGA Report and its revision will be evaluated for CI-M Lab 3: Simple FSM (Memory Tester) Learn how to use an SRAM and testing techniques Lab 4: Complex FSM (Pong Game) Design a system with multiple FSMs (Major/Minor FSM) Video interfaceL1: 6.111 Spring 2006 5Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryFinal ProjectFinal Project Done in groups of two or three Open ended You and the staff negotiate a project proposal Must emphasize digital concepts, but inclusion of analog interfaces (e.g., data converters, sensors or motors) common and often desirable Proposal Conference Design Review(s) Design presentation in class (% of the final grade for the in-class presentation) Top projects will be considered for design awards Staff will provide help with project definition and scope, design, debugging, and testing It is extremely difficult for a student to receive an A without completing the final project.L1: 6.111 Spring 2006 6Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryGrading and CollaborationGrading and Collaboration Grading Policy Approximate breakdown:z Quiz 10%z 3 Problem Sets 3%z 4 Lab exercises Lab 1 9% Lab 2 10% Lab 3 7% Lab 4 11%z Writing (Lab 2 revision- part of CIM requirement) 10%z Participation (lecture, recitation, project presentations) 3%z Final Project 37% We impose late penalties Labs are penalized 20% per day Final Project MUST be done on time Collaboration Discuss labs with anyone (staff, former students, other students, etc.)z Then do them individuallyz Do not copy anything, including computer files, from anyone else Collaboration (with your partners) on the project is desirablez Project reports should be joint with individual authors specified for each sectionz Copy anything you want (with attribution) for your project reportL1: 6.111 Spring 2006 7Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryThe First ComputerThe First Computer The first digital systems were mechanical and used base-10 representation. Most popular applications: arithmetic and scientific computationThe BabbageDifference Engine(1834)25,000 partscost: £17,470Photograph of the Babbage Difference Engine.Image removed due to copyright restrictions.L1: 6.111 Spring 2006 8Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryMeanwhile, in the World of TheoryMeanwhile, in the World of Theory…… 1854: George Boole shows that logic is math, not just philosophy! Boolean algebra: the mathematics of binary values0000101001110110AND OR NOT000011101111Photograph of George Boole.Image removed due to copyright restrictions.L1: 6.111 Spring 2006 9Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryDigital ElectronicsKey Link Between Logic and CircuitsKey Link Between Logic and Circuits Despite existence of relays and introduction of vacuum tube in 1906, digital electronics did not emerge for thirty years! Claude Shannon notices similarities between Boolean algebra and electronic telephone switches Shannon’s 1937 MIT Master’s Thesis introduces the world to binary digital electronics010101+Lee de Forest, 1906The Vacuum TubeClaude Shannon Courtesy of Jonah Sacks. Used with permission.L1: 6.111 Spring 2006 10Introductory Digital Systems LaboratoryEvolution of Digital ElectronicsEvolution of Digital ElectronicsUNIVAC, 19511900 adds/secVacuum TubesENIAC, 1946IBM System/360, 1964500,000 adds/secTransistors First TransistorBell Labs, 1948VLSI CircuitsIntel Itanium, 20032,000,000,000 adds/sec4004, 1971L1: 6.111
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