inst eecs berkeley edu cs61c CS61C Machine Structures Lecture 43 Summary Goodbye Lecturer PSOE Dan Garcia www cs berkeley edu ddgarcia Future Spintronics Current silicon chips carry info with electron charge This idea has them carry info with their spin Lower power higher processing speeds and quantum computing CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 1 www physorg com news3998 html Garcia UCB Cool Stuff the videos before lecture SIGGRAPH Electronic Theatre www siggraph org publications video review SVR html 40 video for ACM Members SIGGRAPH Conference in LA 2005 07 31 2005 08 04 www siggraph org s2005 CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 2 Garcia UCB Review Benchmarks Attempt to predict performance Updated every few years Measure everything from simulation of desktop graphics programs to battery life Megahertz Myth MHz performance it s just one factor CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 3 Garcia UCB CS61C So what s in it for me 1st lecture Learn some of the big ideas in CS engineering 5 Classic components of a Computer Principle of abstraction systems built as layers Data can be anything integers floating point characters a program determines what it is Stored program concept instructions just data Compilation v interpretation thru system layers Principle of Locality exploited via a memory hierarchy cache Greater performance by exploiting parallelism pipelining Principles Pitfalls of Performance Measurement CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 4 Garcia UCB Thanks to Dave Patterson for these Conventional Wisdom CW in Comp Arch Old CW Power free Transistors expensive New CW Power expensive Transistors free Can put more on chip than can afford to turn on Old CW Chips reliable internally errors at pins New CW 65 nm high error rates Old CW CPU manufacturers minds closed New CW Power wall Memory gap Brick wall New idea receptive environment Old CW Uniprocessor performance 2X 1 5 yrs New CW 2X CPUs per socket 2 to 3 years More simpler processors more power efficient CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 5 Garcia UCB Massively Parallel Socket Processor new transistor Does it only help power cost performance Intel 4004 1971 4 bit processor 2312 transistors 0 4 MHz 10 m PMOS 11 mm2 chip RISC II 1983 32 bit 5 stage pipeline 40 760 transistors 3 MHz 3 m NMOS 60 mm2 chip 4004 shrinks to 1 mm2 at 3 micron 125 mm2 chip 65 nm CMOS 2312 RISC IIs Icache Dcache RISC II shrinks to 0 02 mm2 at 65 nm Caches via DRAM or 1 transistor SRAM www t ram com Proximity Communication at 1 TB s Ivan Sutherland Sun spending time in Berkeley CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 6 Garcia UCB 20th vs 21st Century IT Targets 20th Century Measure of Success Performance peak vs delivered Cost purchase cost vs ownership cost power 21st Century Measure of Success SPUR Security Privacy Usability Reliability Massive parallelism greater chance this time if Measure of success is SPUR vs only cost perf Uniprocessor performance improvement decelerates CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 7 Garcia UCB Other Implications Need to revisit chronic unsolved problem Parallel programming Thanks again Andy Implications for applications Computing power CDC6600 Cray XMP choose your favorite on an economical die inside your watch cell phone or PDA On your body health monitoring Google library of congress on your PDA As devices continue to shrink The need for great HCI critical as ever CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 8 Garcia UCB Administrivia 1 2 Final Exam Review Final Exam SAT 2005 05 14 12 30 3 30pm in 220 Hearst Only bring pen cil s two 8 5 x11 handwritten sheets green Leave backpacks books calculators cells pagers home Dan s Extended OH Tuesday 2005 05 10 noon 3pm in 795 Soda overflowing into 751 Soda if too full CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 9 Garcia UCB Administrivia 2 2 Become active There IS discussion this week no lab Make sure to talk to your TAs and get your labs taken care of If you did well in CS3 or 61 A B C A or above and want to be on staff Usual path Lab assistant Reader TA Fill in form outside 367 Soda before first week of semester I Dan strongly encourage anyone who gets an A or above in the class to follow CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 10 Garcia UCB Taking advantage of Cal Opportunities The Godfather answers all of life s questions Heard in You ve got Mail Why Soare we the 2 Univ in the WORLD says the 2004 ranking from the Times Higher Education Supplement Research reseach research Whether you want to go to grad school or industry you need someone to vouch for you as is the case with the Mob Techniques Find out what you like do lots of web research read published papers hit OH of Prof show enthusiasm initiative http research berkeley edu CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 11 Garcia UCB CS98 198 Opportunities Fall 2005 GamesCrafters Game Theory R D We are developing SW analysis on small 2person games of no chance e g achi connect 4 dots and boxes etc Req A in CS61C Game Theory Interest MS DOS X Mac Student Developers Learn to program Macintoshes No requirements other than Mac interest UCBUGG Recreational Graphics Develop computer generated images and animations Req 3D experience portfolio CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 12 Garcia UCB Peer Instruction Strong or Weak AI Strong AI Machines that act intelligently have real conscious minds sentience Weak AI Machines can be made to act as if they were intelligent Computer Processor In the future what ll be the most important CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 13 Control brain Datapath brawn Memory where programs data live when running Devices Input Output Strong AI 1 Control 2 Datapath 3 Memory 4 Input 5 Output Weak AI 6 Control 7 Datapath 8 Memory 9 Input 0 Output Garcia UCB Peer Instruction Answer Forget cloning Forget TVs on your wrist watch The biggest invention of the next 100 years will be the ability to directly connect your brain to a machine Dan Garcia A macaque monkey at Duke University can already control a robotic arm with thought DARPA is extremely interested in the technology for mind control robots flying Virtual Reality could be achieved with proper I O interfacing www popsci com popsci medicine article 0 12543 576464 00 html CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 14 Garcia UCB Penultimate slide Thanks to the staff TAs Head TA Andy Carle Steven Kusalo Danny Krause Readers Michael Le Benjamin Mellblom Mark Whitney Casey Ho Thanks to Dave Patterson for these CS61C notes CS61C L43 Summary Farewell 15 Garcia UCB The Future for Future Cal Alumni What s The Future New Millennium Internet Wireless Nanotechnology Rapid Changes in Technology World s Best Education Never Give Up
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