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UT PSY 301 - Personality II

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PSY 301 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Effect of PeersII. PersonalityIII. TraitsIV. Personality TestsV. Structured TestVI. Unstructured TestOutline of Current Lecture I. Heritability of TraitsII. Psychoanalytic TheoryIII. IdIV. EgoV. SuperegoVI. Neo-FreudiansVII. Object-Relation TheoryCurrent LectureHeritability of Traits- Basic personality traits seem to be highly heritableo Identical twins are far more similar than fraternal twinso Adopted kids are far more like their biological than their adoptive parents- Family effects (shared environment) are not strongo Adoptive siblings show very low personality correlations (.05) as do adoptive kidsand their adoptive parents (.04)o Identical twins raised apart (.50) have personalities as similar as identical twins raised together (.51)Psychoanalytic Theory- Developed by Sigmund Freud:- 3 ideas with major impact, independent of the rest of the theoryo An unconscious mind that influences emotions and feelingso Much of adult personality is due to childhood experienceso Emotional problems can be aided by verbal therapy designed to explore the unconsciousID:- Most primitive part- Wholly unconscious- Contains all basic biological urges- Contains the energy of the whole psycheo Energy = libidoo Death instinct = thanatos- Guided by the pleasure principle: gratification now- Not rooted in realityo Primary process thinkingEgo:- Develops from the Id - Attempts to realize the Id’s desires, but it accord with the reality principle: desires can only be realized in term of real-world constraints- Ego is initially unconscious, and always remains partly unconscious- Over time, ego develops the ability to reflecto Leads to a sense of selfSuperego- Develops from the ego- Represents the internalize rules of the parents and, through them, of societya. ego-deal: upholds the good and virtuousb. conscience: watches over and censors the bad- Id and Ego mature as the child gains experience; the superego does not- Superego is largely unconsciousThese 3 subsystems are in continual conflict1. Ego needs to suppress id desires to satisfy the Superegoa. if the ego lives up to superego, it feels pride b. if the ego fails to live up to superego, it feels guilt 2. The id won’t allow these desires to be repressed, so finds a substitute outlet3. The ego develops additional defenses (defense mechanisms) to handle these new outlets and keep the desires repressed1. displacement2. sublimation3. reaction formation4. rationalization5. projection6. regression7. identificationNeo-Freudians◦ Carl Jung emphasized the collective unconscious.◦ Alfred Adler linked emotional conflict to perceptions of inferiority.◦ Melanie Klein believed primitive fantasies of loss and persecution may underlie mental illness.◦ Karen Horney emphasized the differences between men and women in society and culture.Jung1. proposed 2 types of unconsciousa. personal & collectiveb. collective unconscious is dominated by archetypes2. proposed earliest trait theorya. especially introversion-extroversion 3. believed every dominant side of personality (conscious) had a non-dominant side (unconscious) a. personal growth involves balancing these opposites4. concept of the PERSONA Object Relation Theory- Freud: a healthy person should be able to love & worko O.R.T. tries to account for the difficulties of people who are highly impaired in either area- Object Relations:o Refers to 2 thingso Enduring behavior patterns in intimate relationshipso The motivational, cognitive, & affective processes that produce these patternso People who have trouble with relationshipso Represent themselves & others more negativelyo Expect abuse in relationshipso Poor positive person constancyo Such behavior is explained in terms of maladaptive interpersonal


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UT PSY 301 - Personality II

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