Introduction to Psychology Class 13 Memory 1 Myers 257 279 July 10 2006 Overview of the chapter Encoding Storage Retrieval Types of memory Types of information processing Physiology of memory Forgetting False Memory Definition The persistence of learning over time through encoding storage and retrieval of information Flashbulb Memory A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event Capture this Photographic quality Reinforced often Not necessarily accurate Atkinson Shiffrin model 1968 Three stages of information processing Encoding Processing information in to the memory system Storage Retention of encoded information over time Retrieval Process of getting memory out of storage K 1 P 7 Q 3 9 L S Sensory memory Iconic visual words or pictures Echoic auditory Immediate initial recording of sensory information Short term memory Limited Working memory Vision Audition 7 plus or minus 2 15 30 seconds unless rehearsed E g Dialing a phone number Long term memory Virtually limitless Enduring Encoding How is the information processed Central High motivation high opportunity Effortful and reasoned mostly by cognition Attention to the message Peripheral Low motivation low opportunity Automatic and unreasoned mostly by association Attention to other cues like attractiveness music Peripheral processing Central processing to forgot supplies to but hurry store and oranges was a but oranges Jen the she and cleaning grocery went like apples chocolate in Jen went to the grocery store to buy stuff like apples oranges chocolate and cleaning supplies but she was in a hurry and forgot the oranges Meaning Nonsense syllables vs real words Strings of words vs sentences Chunking Organizing items in to familiar meaningful units Mnemonics Hierarchies The role of rehearsal Serial position effects Primacy Recency The Case of Clive Wearing What caused his amnesia What type s of memory has he lost What are the physiological changes in his brain
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