Introduction to PsychologyPsychological DisordersGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Panic Disorder (AD)Phobias (AD)Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (AD)Explaining Anxiety DisordersDissociative Identity DisorderPersonality DisordersIntroduction to Psychology Class 19: Psychological Disorders and their TreatmentMyers: 469-486, 507-516August 1st, 2006Psychological DisordersDefinition: A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable.Perspectives :Middle Ages = Possession by demons Medical = Diagnosis of symptoms, therapy and treatment for cureBio-psycho-social = Genes + Physiology + Environment+ Social Factors + Cultural FactorsGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Continual autonomic nervous system arousalSource of “free-floating” anxiety is inexplicableWomen > Men Symptoms: tense, jittery, anticipating bad things, muscular tension, agitation, sleeplessness, trembling, perspiration, fidgeting, difficulty concentratingPanic Disorder (AD)Minute-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences what seems like a heart attackPalpitating heart, shortness of breath, choking, trembling , dizziness, chest painSmokers> Non-smokersOften associated with AgoraphobiaMovie clipPhobias (AD)Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situationMovie clipsTYPES OF PHOBIAS1. Social phobias2. Animal 3. Natural Environment4. Blood-Injury-Injection5. SituationalObsessive Compulsive Disorder (AD)Characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions designed to reduce the obsessions (compulsions) Young > OldCommon obsessions: dirt/germs, toxins, disaster, exactness, symmetryCommon compulsions: hand-washing, grooming, in/out of or checking doors, car brakes, homeworkMovie clipExplaining Anxiety DisordersGood ol’ learning theory- Classical conditioning, Stimulus generalization, Reinforcement, Observational learningBiological- Natural selection- GenesPhysiological: - Frontal lobe (OCD)- Amygdala and fear-learning circuits (GAD)Dissociative Identity DisorderA rare disorder in which a person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternate personalitiesConscious awareness becomes separated from previous thoughts, memories and feelingsAlso called Multiple Personality DisorderIatrogenic? Movie clipPersonality DisordersCharacterized by inflexible and enduring patterns that impair social, vocational and interpersonal functioningAxis II disorders (DSM-IV)-Schizoid PD-Paranoid PD-Borderline PD-Histrionic PD-Narcissistic PD-Antisocial PD (movie
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