Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Sigmund Freud Levels of Awareness Components of Personality Defense mechanisms Psychosexual stages Criticisms and take home message Sigmund Freud 1856 1939 Jewish background though avowed atheist Lived in Vienna until Nazi occupation in 1938 Had medical backgroundwanted to do neurophysiological research Private practice with specialty in neurology Josef Breuer and Anna O Private practice in nervous and brain disorders Freud cont Early 1900s published many works Interpretation of Dreams 1900 The Psychopathology of Everyday Life 1901 1905 concept of sexual drive being most powerful personality component 1906 Psychoanalytic Society formed Many works burned in Nazi occupation starting 1933 Left Austria fled to England 1938 Died of jaw cancer 1939 http www pbs org wgbh aso databank entries bhfreu html 3 Levels of Awareness Conscious Preconscious Unconscious Conscious Current contents of your mind that you actively think of What we call working memory Easily accessed all the time Preconscious Contents of the mind you are not currently aware of Thoughts memories knowledge wishes feelings Available for easy access when needed Unconscious Contents kept out of conscious awareness Not accessible at all Processes that actively keep these thoughts from awareness Freudian Components of Personality The Id The Ego The Superego Id Resides completely at the unconscious level Acts under the pleasure principle immediate gratification not willing to compromise Generates all of the personality s energy QuickTime and a TIFF Uncompressed decompressor are needed to see this picture Superego The moralist and idealistic part of the personality Resides in preconscious Operates on ideal principle Begins forming at 4 5 yrs of age initially formed form environment and others society family etc Internalized conventions and morals Essentially your conscience Ego Resides in all levels of awareness Operates under reality principle Attempts negotiation between Id and Superego to satisfy both realistically Conflicts of Personality Components Conflicts between the Id Superego and Ego arise in unconscious mind Can t be reached bc in unconscious Come out in various ways Slips of tongue Freudian slip Dreams Jokes Anxiety Defense Mechanisms Denial QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture Refusal to accept external realities because too threatening to enter awareness Repression Internal impulses and memories too threatening so bared from entering awareness QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture Projection QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture Attribute unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others project these inappropriate thoughts etc onto others Displacement QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture Shifting attention from one target that is no longer available to a more acceptable or safer substitute Sublimation Healthiest defense mechanism Compromise Takes socially unacceptable impulses and turns them into something positive acceptable Reaction Formation QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture Converting unacceptable and dangerous impulses into something positive to reduce anxiety Rationalization Explaining an unacceptable behavior in a way that overlooks present shortcomings or failures QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture Regression Reverting to behavior that is characteristic to an earlier stage of development when confronted with stress or anxiety QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture http beta sling com video show 28111 27 Sick Baby Barney Psychosexual Development Stages of development in which conflict over Id s impulses plays out Ego must control these impulses If not resolved psychological issues can emerge later in life Psychosexual Stages Oral Stage 0 18 months Pleasure centering around the mouth sucking biting etc Focus weaning becoming less dependent Not resolved aggression or dependency later in life fixation with oral activities smoking drinking nail biting etc Psychosexual Stages Oral 0 18 months Anal 18 35 months Fixation on bowel and bladder elimination Focus search for control Not resolved anal retentive rigid and obsessive personality or anal expulsive messy and disorganized personality Psychosexual Stages Oral 0 18 months Anal 18 35 months Phallic 3 6 years Focus genital area and difference btwn males and females Electra Complex or Oedipus Complex Complexes in the Phallic Stage Oedipus Complex boys Unconscious sexual desires towards mother father is competition Simultaneously fears the dad castration anxiety Electra Complex girls Unconscious sexual desires towards father and mother is completion Penis envy Resolution Kid identifies with same sex parent Psychosexual Stages Oral 0 18 months Anal 18 35 months Phallic 3 6 years Latency 6 yrs to puberty Sexual interest is repressed Kids play with same sex others until puberty Psychosexual Stage Oral 0 18 months Anal 18 35 months Phallic 3 6 years of age Latency 6 yrs to puberty Genital puberty and beyond Sexual urges awaken If developed properly develop these urges towards opposite sex members with fixation on the genitals Freud criticisms and critiques He studied very few people so not representative sample Process of psychoanalysis interviewingexhibit preconceived notions and biases His measures methods were untreatable Definitions don t lend themselves to experimentation One s personality is fixed and unchanging Obsessed with sex and aggression
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