Psychoanalytic Theory of PersonalitySigmund Freud (1856-1939)Freud (cont.)3 Levels of AwarenessConsciousPreconsciousUnconsciousFreudian Components of PersonalityIdSuperegoEgoConflicts of Personality ComponentsDenialRepressionProjectionDisplacementSublimationReaction FormationRationalizationRegressionPsychosexual DevelopmentPsychosexual StagesSlide 23Slide 24Complexes in the Phallic StagePsychosexual StagesPsychosexual StageFreud: criticisms and critiquesPsychoanalytic Theory of Personality •Sigmund Freud•Levels of Awareness•Components of Personality •Defense mechanisms •Psychosexual stages•Criticisms and take home messageSigmund Freud(1856-1939)•Jewish background, though avowed atheist•Lived in Vienna until Nazi occupation in 1938•Had medical background- wanted to do “neurophysiological research” •Private practice with specialty in neurology •Josef Breuer and Anna O. • Private practice in nervous and brain disordersFreud (cont.) •Early 1900s published many works-- –Interpretation of Dreams (1900)–The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901)–1905 concept of sexual drive being most powerful personality component •1906 Psychoanalytic Society formed• Many works burned in Nazi occupation (starting 1933)•Left Austria, fled to England 1938•Died of jaw cancer 1939http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhfreu.html3 Levels of Awareness •Conscious•Preconscious •UnconsciousConscious •Current contents of your mind that you actively think of •What we call working memory •Easily accessed all the timePreconscious •Contents of the mind you are not currently aware of •Thoughts, memories, knowledge, wishes, feelings•Available for easy access when neededUnconscious•Contents kept out of conscious awareness •Not accessible at all •Processes that actively keep these thoughts from awarenessFreudian Components of Personality •The Id•The Ego •The SuperegoId•Resides completely at the unconscious level •Acts under the pleasure principle–immediate gratification, not willing to compromise –Generates all of the personality’s energy QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.Superego•The moralist and idealistic part of the personality •Resides in preconscious•Operates on “ideal principle” –Begins forming at 4-5 yrs of age–initially formed form environment and others (society, family etc)–Internalized conventions and morals•Essentially your “conscience”Ego•Resides in all levels of awareness•Operates under “reality principle” •Attempts negotiation between Id and Superego to satisfy both realisticallyConflicts of Personality Components•Conflicts between the Id, Superego and Ego arise in unconscious mind •Can’t be reached bc in unconscious •Come out in various ways–Slips of tongue (“Freudian slip”)–Dreams–Jokes–Anxiety–Defense Mechanisms….Denial •Refusal to accept external realities because too threatening to enter awarenessQuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Repression •Internal impulses and memories too threatening so bared from entering awareness QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Projection •Attribute unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others (project these inappropriate thoughts etc onto others)QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Displacement •Shifting attention from one target that is no longer available to a more acceptable or “safer” substituteQuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Sublimation •Healthiest defense mechanism • Compromise•Takes socially unacceptable impulses and turns them into something positive & acceptableReaction Formation •Converting unacceptable and dangerous impulses into something positive to reduce anxietyQuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Rationalization •Explaining an unacceptable behavior in a way that overlooks present shortcomings or failures QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.Regression •Reverting to behavior that is characteristic to an earlier stage of development when confronted with stress or anxietyQuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.http://beta.sling.com/video/show/28111/27/Sick-Baby-BarneyPsychosexual Development •Stages of development in which conflict over Id’s impulses plays out•Ego must control these impulses •If not resolved, psychological issues can emerge later in lifePsychosexual Stages•Oral Stage (0-18 months) –Pleasure centering around the mouth (sucking, biting etc)–Focus: weaning- becoming less dependent–Not resolved? aggression or dependency later in life-- fixation with oral activities (smoking, drinking, nail biting etc.Psychosexual Stages•Oral (0-18 months)•Anal (18-35 months)–Fixation on bowel and bladder elimination–Focus: search for control •Not resolved? anal retentive (rigid and obsessive personality) or anal expulsive (messy and disorganized personality)Psychosexual Stages•Oral (0-18 months) •Anal (18-35 months)•Phallic (3-6 years) –Focus: genital area and difference btwn males and females –Electra Complex or Oedipus ComplexComplexes in the Phallic Stage•Oedipus Complex (boys)–Unconscious sexual desires towards mother, father is competition –Simultaneously fears the dad- “castration anxiety”•Electra Complex (girls)–Unconscious sexual desires towards father and mother is completion –Penis envy •Resolution? –Kid identifies with same sex parentPsychosexual Stages •Oral (0-18 months)•Anal (18-35 months)•Phallic (3-6 years)•Latency (6 yrs to puberty) –Sexual interest is repressed–Kids play with same sex others-- until pubertyPsychosexual Stage •Oral (0-18 months)•Anal (18-35 months) •Phallic (3- 6 years of age) •Latency (6 yrs to puberty)•Genital (puberty and beyond)–Sexual urges awaken –If developed “properly” develop these urges towards opposite sex members with fixation on the genitalsFreud: criticisms and critiques•He studied very few people so not representative sample•Process of psychoanalysis interviewing- exhibit preconceived notions and biases •His measures/methods were untreatable•Definitions don’t lend themselves to experimentation•One’s personality is fixed and unchanging •Obsessed with sex and
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