Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)Developing Through the Life SpanSlide 3Slide 4Prenatal Development and the NewbornDevelopmental PsychologySlide 7ConceptionPrenatal DevelopmentSlide 10Slide 11Cognitive DevelopmentPhysical DevelopmentThe Competent NewbornFetal/Newborn ReflexesPalmar Grasping ReflexSlide 17Infancy and ChildhoodSlide 19Developing BrainMaturationSlide 22Motor DevelopmentInfancy and Childhood: Physical DevelopmentMaturation and Infant MemorySlide 26Slide 27SchemasAssimilation and AccommodationPiaget’s Theory and Current ThinkingSensorimotor StageSensorimotor Stage: CriticismsSlide 33Preoperational StageFour Aspects of Preoperational ThoughtPreoperational Stage: CriticismEgocentrismTheory of MindConcrete Operational StageSlide 40Formal Operational StageFormal Operational Stage: CriticismsReflecting on Piaget’s TheorySocial DevelopmentOrigins of AttachmentSlide 46Slide 47Attachment DifferencesSecure AttachmentSlide 50Insecure AttachmentAttachment Differences: Why?Separation AnxietyDeprivation of AttachmentProlonged DeprivationSlide 56Child-Rearing PracticesAuthoritative ParentingAdolescenceSlide 60Primary Sexual CharacteristicsSecondary Sexual CharacteristicsBrain DevelopmentFrontal CortexSlide 65Developing Reasoning PowerDeveloping Morality3 Basic Levels of Moral ThinkingMoralitySlide 70Adolescence- Social DevelopmentForming an IdentityParent and Peer InfluenceEmerging AdulthoodAdulthoodSlide 76Middle AdulthoodOld Age: Sensory AbilitiesOld Age: Motor AbilitiesSlide 80Aging and MemorySlide 82Aging and IntelligenceSlide 84Slide 85Adulthood- Social ChangesAdulthood’s Ages and StagesAdulthood’s CommitmentsSlide 89Well-Being Across the Life SpanSuccessful AgingDeath and DyingReflections on Two Major Developmental IssuesDevelopmental IssuesAdulthood- Cognitive DevelopmentMyers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)Chapter 4The Developing PersonJames A. McCubbin, PhDAneeq Ahmad, Ph.D.(Modified by Ray Hawkins, Ph.D.)Worth PublishersDeveloping Through the Life SpanPrenatal Development and the NewbornConceptionPrenatal DevelopmentThe Competent NewbornInfancy and ChildhoodPhysical DevelopmentCognitive DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentDeveloping Through the Life SpanAdolescencePhysical DevelopmentCognitive DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentEmerging AdulthoodDeveloping Through the Life SpanAdulthoodPhysical Development Cognitive DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentReflections on Two Major Developmental IssuesContinuity and StagesStability and ChangePrenatal Development and the NewbornDevelopmental Psychology a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life spanDevelopmental PsychologyIssue DetailsNature/NurtureHow do genetic inheritance (our nature) and experience (the nurture we receive) influence our behavior?Continuity/StagesIs development a gradual, continuous process or a sequence of separate stages?Stability/ChangeDo our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different persons as we age.Prenatal Development and the NewbornHow, over time, did we come to be who we are? From zygote to birth, development progresses in an orderly, though fragile, sequence.ConceptionA single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell.Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing CompanyLennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing CompanyPrenatal DevelopmentA zygote is a fertilized egg with 100 cells that become increasingly diverse. At about 14 days the zygote turns into an embryo (a and b). Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing CompanyBiophoto Associates/ Photo Researchers, Inc.Prenatal DevelopmentAt 9 weeks, an embryo turns into a fetus (c and d). Teratogens are chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus.Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing CompanyLennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing CompanyPrenatal Development and the NewbornTeratogensagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)cognitive and physical abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinkingCognitive DevelopmentPoor impulse controlPoor judgmentHyperactivityAttention deficitsMemory deficitsDifficulty learning from consequencesImmature social behaviorPhysical Developmentsmall headflat nasal bridgeshort noseflat midfacesmooth philtrumepicanthal foldssmall eye openingsThe Competent NewbornInfants are born with reflexes that aid in survival, including rooting reflex which helps them locate food.Fetal/Newborn Reflexes8 weeks 19 weeksPalmar Grasping ReflexThe Competent NewbornOffspring cries are important signals for parents to provide nourishment. In animals and humans such cries are quickly attended to and relieved.Carl and Ann Purcell/ CorbisLightscapes, Inc. CorbisInfancy and ChildhoodInfancy and childhood span from birth to the teenage years. During these years, the individual grows physically, cognitively, and socially.Stage SpanInfancy Newborn to toddlerChildhood Toddler to teenagerPhysical DevelopmentInfants’ psychological development depends on their biological development. To understand the emergence of motor skills and memory, we must understand the developing brain.Developing BrainAt birth, most brain cells are present. After birth, the neural networks multiply resulting in increased physical and mental abilities.MaturationThe development of the brain unfolds based on genetic instructions, causing various bodily and mental functions to occur in sequence— standing before walking, babbling before talking—this is called maturation.Maturation sets the basic course of development, while experience adjusts it.Prenatal Development and the NewbornRooting Reflexopens mouth and search for nipple when touched on the cheekPreferenceshuman voices and facesFace-like images-->smell and sound of mother testing method = habituationMotor DevelopmentFirst, infants begin to roll over. Next, they sit unsupported, crawl, and finally walk. Experience has little effect on this sequence.Renee Altier for Worth PublishersJim Craigmyle/ CorbisPhototake Inc./ Alamy ImagesProfimedia.CZ s.r.o./ AlamyInfancy and Childhood: Physical DevelopmentBabies only 3 months old can learn that kicking moves a mobile- and can retain that
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