Interpersonal processesHow social are humans?The fundamental need to belongAffiliation - tendency/desire to be in social contact with othersNeed to belong theoryNeed for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental human motiveSurvival advantage of group membershipElectric shock studyManipulated anxiety via expectation of painful shockGiven choice to wait alone or with othersResults: high shock group showed more affiliationAnxiety increases affiliationSocial exclusion theoryAnxiety warns of rejection from social groupLeads to behavior that enhances one’s value to the groupIsolation causes anxietyFeedback loop to maintain social contactSchachter isolation studyPeople detect and reject cheatersCheating threatens the stability of groupsCheater detectorsIdea that people are especially sensitive to indications of cheatingThe Wason selection task Tests people’s understanding of if-then rulesExample: cardsBlue side with letterRed side with numberIf letter is vowel, then number is even.Choose ONLY cards necessary to see if the rule has been violatedPermission SchemaMakes task much easierConsequences of being detected as a cheaterSocial exclusion by group membersStigmatizationNonverbal behaviorPeople make inferences about character based on faces.Body language, including gestures and how people walk, are used to make personality inferences.People are poor at detecting deception.Personal space is used in nonverbal communication.boundaries vary across situations, groups, and culturesHow do people manage their public impressions?Self-presentational goalsSelf-presentationPeople strategically alter how they present themselves in order to achieve personal goalsPeople use a variety of strategies to manage their public impressionsSelf-monitoringA personality characteristic involving altering behavior and self-presentation according to situational cuesImpression management and personalityHigh Self-monitoringplace value on others’ opinions of oneselfflexible; adapt to situationgenerally skilled in social interaction, interpreting and projecting non-verbal cuesLow Self-monitoringless attentive to social contextoften less skilled in self-presentationPsych 301, 9/26/3Interpersonal processesHow social are humans?The fundamental need to belongAffiliation - tendency/desire to be in social contact with othersNeed to belong theoryNeed for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental human motiveSurvival advantage of group membershipElectric shock studyManipulated anxiety via expectation of painful shockGiven choice to wait alone or with othersResults: high shock group showed more affiliationAnxiety increases affiliationSocial exclusion theoryAnxiety warns of rejection from social groupLeads to behavior that enhances one’s value to the groupIsolation causes anxietyFeedback loop to maintain social contactSchachter isolation studyPeople detect and reject cheatersCheating threatens the stability of groupsCheater detectorsIdea that people are especially sensitive to indications of cheatingThe Wason selection taskTests people’s understanding of if-then rulesExample: cards Blue side with letterRed side with numberIf letter is vowel, then number is even.Choose ONLY cards necessary to see if the rule has been violatedPermission SchemaMakes task much easierConsequences of being detected as a cheaterSocial exclusion by group membersStigmatizationNonverbal behaviorPeople make inferences about character based on faces.Body language, including gestures and how people walk, are used to make personality inferences.People are poor at detecting deception.Personal space is used in nonverbal communication. boundaries vary across situations, groups, and culturesHow do people manage their public impressions?Self-presentational goals Self-presentationPeople strategically alter how they present themselves in order to achieve personal goalsPeople use a variety of strategies to manage their public impressionsSelf-monitoringA personality characteristic involving altering behavior and self-presentation according to situational cuesImpression management and personalityHigh Self-monitoringplace value on others’ opinions of oneselfflexible; adapt to situationgenerally skilled in social interaction, interpreting and projecting non-verbal cuesLow Self-monitoringless attentive to social contextoften less skilled in
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