Psych 301 9 26 3 Interpersonal processes How social are humans The fundamental need to belong Affiliation tendency desire to be in social contact with others Need to belong theory Need for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental human motive Survival advantage of group membership Electric shock study Manipulated anxiety via expectation of painful shock Given choice to wait alone or with others Results high shock group showed more affiliation Anxiety increases affiliation Social exclusion theory Anxiety warns of rejection from social group Leads to behavior that enhances one s value to the group Isolation causes anxiety Feedback loop to maintain social contact Schachter isolation study People detect and reject cheaters Cheating threatens the stability of groups Cheater detectors Idea that people are especially sensitive to indications of cheating The Wason selection task Tests people s understanding of if then rules Example cards Blue side with letter Red side with number If letter is vowel then number is even Choose ONLY cards necessary to see if the rule has been violated Permission Schema Makes task much easier Consequences of being detected as a cheater Social exclusion by group members Stigmatization Nonverbal behavior People make inferences about character based on faces Body language including gestures and how people walk are used to make personality inferences People are poor at detecting deception Personal space is used in nonverbal communication boundaries vary across situations groups and cultures How do people manage their public impressions Self presentational goals Self presentation People strategically alter how they present themselves in order to achieve personal goals People use a variety of strategies to manage their public impressions Self monitoring A personality characteristic involving altering behavior and selfpresentation according to situational cues Impression management and personality High Self monitoring place value on others opinions of oneself flexible adapt to situation generally skilled in social interaction interpreting and projecting nonverbal cues Low Self monitoring less attentive to social context often less skilled in self presentation
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