Persisted Learning Memory Lecture 9 2 25 04 Memento Inspired by the condition of anterograde amnesia that he learned about in a Georgetown psychology class Nolan wrote a short story entitled Memento Mori about a man with this illness trying to deal with a traumatic event in his past H M 8 23 53 Epileptic Seizures Bilateral medial temporal lobe removal Including hippocampus IQ personality perceptual abilities Memory prior to surgery ok Severe ANTEROGRADE amnesia Every new moment new fresh Any delay between presentation recall impaired H M continued Doesn t know where he lives who cares for him what he ate at his last meal what year it is who the president is how old he is In 1982 failed to recognize picture of himself on 40th birthday BUT can learn some new things and not know it Mirror drawing task Classical conditioning What did we learn Structures that store are separate from mechanisms that encode Declarative and Procedural memory are distinct D conscious knowledge of facts events P implicit memory for motor skills behaviors Memory as information processor Encode store retrieve Overview Sensory Memory Registers incoming information leaves trace on NS for split second Short term memory We pay attention to and encode important novel stimuli Long term memory If rehearsed stare long enough or deemed important encoded for longterm storage can be retrieved The Sensory Register George Sperling Testing for Iconic Memory P s recalled more letters when signaled to recall only one row compared to trying to recall all the letters Short term Memory Capacity Chunking iujhgyegdbnjkofiutyhs Iuj hgy egd bnj kof iut Short term Memory Duration Can hold things for 20 seconds Rapidly decays UNLESS actively rehearsed E g 1hr per day X 3 4 weeks Digit span from 7 to 80 Interference Example consonants counting Short term Memory Function Working memory ACTIVE Access to senses AND LTM inner voice Serial Position Curve Primacy Recency AND Long Term Memory Elaborative Rehearsal Tree LION Shoe APPLE Turquoise Is the word printed in capital letters Does the word rhyme with What does the word mean More thought Better memory Are any of these self descriptive Number 1 20 Circle the numbers of selfdescriptive adjectives Self reference effect Retrieval superiority for info related to self schema Deeper processing of self relevant terms Schema useful framework to help us perceive organize process and use information REMINDER Password LTM Access Mild torment something like the brink of a sneeze Definitions line drawings odors faces Occur 1 wk increase w age Words related in spelling then meaning First letter guessed 50 71 time Number of syllables 80 time 40 666 resolved after 1 minute Quick note Storage Long Term Memory access Retrieval cues Encoding specificity Any stimulus encoded with experience can later trigger it When learn retrieve in same context Divers Beach vs 15ft under Cafeteria Noise Scent of Chocolate Russian English bilinguals State dependent memory On alcoholics and their keys Marijuana Alcohol Tested sober vs high Memory best when tested in same state in which studied NOTE BEST SOBER ON BOTH Worst performance by intoxicated then sober Internal state retrieval cue Emotions moods Implicit Memory Amnesics may know more than they think Memory during amnesia cancer you will not feel any pain beached whale In everyday life Implicit memory D j vu A sense of familiarity but no real memory The false fame effect Names presented only once familiarity but no real memory assume person is famous Eyewitness transference Face is familiar but situation in which they remembering seeing face is incorrect Unintentional plagiarism Take credit for someone else s ideas without awareness Autobiographical Memory Recollections of personal experiences and observations Most vivid for times of transition In college memories from the beginning of the first year and end of the last year Autobiographical Memory Flashbulb Memories Childhood Amnesia Highly vivid and enduring memories typically for events that are dramatic and emotional The inability of most people to recall events from before the age of three or four Hindsight Bias The tendency to think after an event that one knew in advance what was going to happen
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