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UT PSY 301 - Consciousness Chapter 6

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ConsciousnessChapter 6: 187-208Items ~10 Definition of consciousness Selective attention and examples Circadian Rhythm Stages of sleep; REM/paradoxical sleep Effects of sleep loss; what REM rebound is Sleep disorders (different types, how night terrors are different from nightmares) Definition of dreams; manifest/latent content Theories of dreams Hypnosis Addiction; misconceptions; overview of drugs and their effectsLearningChapter 7: 224-255Items ~15 Learning can be associative (classical or operant) and observational  Animal/human research on imitation/modeling (effect of TV included) Classical conditioning Example: Last year, Dr. Drew cleaned Emmy’s skin with rubbing alcohol toadminister a series of painful rabies shots. Emmy now becomes fearful when she smells any kind of alcohol. Identify:UCS ________UCR ________CS ________CR ________Was there any generalization in this example? _______ Should the CS come before or after the UCS?  Examples of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, and discrimination The role of biological predispositions and applications of Pavlov’s work What is shaping? Reinforcement & PunishmentType of OC Behavior Stimulus ExamplePositive Increases Added Hug afterReinforcement homeworkNegative Increases Withdrawn Smoking toReinforcement curb stressPositive Decreases Added Spanking for Punishment naughtinessNegative Decreases Withdrawn Ignoring aPunishment tantrum Every Saturday morning, Arnold quickly washes the family’s breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing of the car is: A) a positive reinforcerB) a UCRC) a CR D) a negative reinforcer Mira quit gambling after she lost over a 1000 dollars betting on horse races: This best illustrates the effects of: A) positive reinforcementB) negative reinforcementC) positive punishmentD) negative punishment Difference between primary and secondary/conditioned reinforcers Reinforcement schedulesRatio: based on # of responsesInterval: based on timeTypes: Fixed and Variable for bothThink of the advantages of the advantages of intermittent reinforcement Extrinsic/intrinsic motivationMemoryChapter 8: 257-279Items ~15 Encoding, storage, retrieval What is a sensory memory (iconic and echoic)? A flashbulb memory? Atkinson-Shiffrin processing model Difference between automatic/peripheral and effortful/central processing Types of long-term memories Spacing effect, serial position effect, next-in-line effect Difference between chunking and hierarchies? Physiology of memory: LTP, stress hormones, role of left and right hippocampi, cerebellum Priming examples Context and state effects on memory  InterferenceProactive (interference that goes forward—past learning affects future learning)Retroactive (interference that goes backward—future learning affects past learning)Positive transfer (when past learning helps future learning)EmotionChapter 8: 379-424Items ~10 Effects of facial expressions: which theory does it support? The theories of emotion (James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schacter) Relationship between Schacter’s two-factor theory and spillover effect Cognition or emotion: what comes first (Zajonc and Lazarus) Physiology of emotion Lie detectors Emotion detection (culture, gender effects) Catharsis Happiness StressLanguage and IntelligenceChapter 9: 302-336Items ~10 Theories of language Linguistic determinism Imagery Animal language Calculate IQ Spearman’s g  Gardener’s multiple intelligences (savant syndrome) Strenberg’s concept Emotional intelligence Creativity What is a normal curve? What is standardization? Types of reliability Types of validity Thought: Can a measure be reliable but not valid? Can a measure be valid but not reliable? Think of examples. Genetic influences, environmental influences on intelligence Question of bias and stereotype


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UT PSY 301 - Consciousness Chapter 6

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