Consciousness Chapter 6 187 208 Items 10 Definition of consciousness Selective attention and examples Circadian Rhythm Stages of sleep REM paradoxical sleep Effects of sleep loss what REM rebound is Sleep disorders different types how night terrors are different from nightmares Definition of dreams manifest latent content Theories of dreams Hypnosis Addiction misconceptions overview of drugs and their effects Learning Chapter 7 224 255 Items 15 Learning can be associative classical or operant and observational Animal human research on imitation modeling effect of TV included Classical conditioning Example Last year Dr Drew cleaned Emmy s skin with rubbing alcohol to administer a series of painful rabies shots Emmy now becomes fearful when she smells any kind of alcohol Identify UCS UCR CS CR Was there any generalization in this example Should the CS come before or after the UCS Examples of acquisition extinction spontaneous recovery and discrimination The role of biological predispositions and applications of Pavlov s work What is shaping Reinforcement Punishment Type of OC Behavior Stimulus Example Positive Reinforcement Increases Added Hug after homework Negative Reinforcement Increases Withdrawn Smoking to curb stress Positive Punishment Decreases Added Spanking for naughtiness Negative Punishment Decreases Withdrawn Ignoring a tantrum Every Saturday morning Arnold quickly washes the family s breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car In this instance washing of the car is A a positive reinforcer B a UCR C a CR D a negative reinforcer Mira quit gambling after she lost over a 1000 dollars betting on horse races This best illustrates the effects of A B C D positive reinforcement negative reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment Difference between primary and secondary conditioned reinforcers Reinforcement schedules Ratio based on of responses Interval based on time Types Fixed and Variable for both Think of the advantages of the advantages of intermittent reinforcement Extrinsic intrinsic motivation Memory Chapter 8 257 279 Items 15 Encoding storage retrieval What is a sensory memory iconic and echoic A flashbulb memory Atkinson Shiffrin processing model Difference between automatic peripheral and effortful central processing Types of long term memories Spacing effect serial position effect next in line effect Difference between chunking and hierarchies Physiology of memory LTP stress hormones role of left and right hippocampi cerebellum Priming examples Context and state effects on memory Interference Proactive interference that goes forward past learning affects future learning Retroactive interference that goes backward future learning affects past learning Positive transfer when past learning helps future learning Emotion Chapter 8 379 424 Items 10 Effects of facial expressions which theory does it support The theories of emotion James Lange Cannon Bard Schacter Relationship between Schacter s two factor theory and spillover effect Cognition or emotion what comes first Zajonc and Lazarus Physiology of emotion Lie detectors Emotion detection culture gender effects Catharsis Happiness Stress Language and Intelligence Chapter 9 302 336 Items 10 Theories of language Linguistic determinism Imagery Animal language Calculate IQ Spearman s g Gardener s multiple intelligences savant syndrome Strenberg s concept Emotional intelligence Creativity What is a normal curve What is standardization Types of reliability Types of validity Thought Can a measure be reliable but not valid Can a measure be valid but not reliable Think of examples Genetic influences environmental influences on intelligence Question of bias and stereotype threat
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