Motivation:The Pyramid of Human MotivationSelf ActualizationHappy, absorbed, capable of greatnessPeak ExperiencesSlide 6Esteem Needs = Power & AchievementSlide 8Slide 9Establish, maintain, further relationshipsEnergy, attention, stimulation, information & emotional supportDo we always want to be with others?“We won! They lost!”One step further…Evolutionary Psychology: an explanationEnsuring reproductive successThe dating marketplace: in 37 countries (N = 10,047)Slide 18Big MisconceptionIdeal Body ImageSex differences in perceptions of desirable body shapeAnother problem with dieting: The “what the hell effect”Motivation:Lecture 123/8/04What directs and energizes your behavior?The Pyramid of Human MotivationSelf ActualizationNeed to live up to one’s fullest and unique potentialHappy, absorbed, capable of greatness“Think about the most wonderful experiences of your life; happiest moments, ecstatic moments, moments of rapture, perhaps from being in love, or from listening to music, or suddenly being hit by a book or a painting or some great creative moment.”Peak ExperiencesOpen to new experiences, spontaneous, playful, loving, creative, self-accepting, energetic…FLOW: An activity totally absorbs one’s focus Forget normal worries & self-consciousness Lose track of time Feel confident & clear-headed Emerge with sense of satisfaction & growthEsteem Needs = Power & Achievement–accomplish difficult tasks, outperform others, and excel–acquire prestige and influence over other peopleMotive Arousal: Typical Stories WrittenEstablish, maintain, further relationshipsEnergy, attention, stimulation, information & emotional supportWhen?–Stress, fear, embarrassment???HIGH: “These shocks will hurt…In research of this sort, if we’re to learn anything at all that will really help humanity, it’s necessary that our shocks be intense”LOW: “I assure you that what you will feel will not in any way be painful. It will resemble a tickle or a tingle more than anything unpleasant”“10 minute delay”Do you want to wait: alone, w/ others, no preference?Do we always want to be with others?Not just anyone will do–P’s preferred to be alone than w/ students not in studyStress doesn’t always motivate affiliation…Embarrassment: Sucking on large nipples and pacifiers…–P’s preferred to be alone than with othersNaturalistic study: waiting for open heart surgery–Prefer post-operative than pre-operative room-mate“We won! They lost!”Students wear more university-affiliated apparel after varsity football winsConducting a survey of student knowledge of campus issues…–Can you tell me the outcome of that game?–Win: 32%–Loss: 18%One step further…Human sexual feelings and behaviors are powerful motivational forcesEvolutionary Psychology: an explanationGender differences in mate preference are a product of natural selection–Favored mating behaviors that promote the conception, birth and survival of offspringMen & women attracted to different characteristics and have different strategiesEnsuring reproductive successMenPossibility to father unlimited # of childrenRely on external cues like attractiveness to serve as guide for youth, & good healthWomenCareful selection of mate with resources for well-beingValue commitment, health, ambition, financial securityThe dating marketplace: in 37 countries (N = 10,047)Men’s valuesPhysical attractiveness“good looks”Being older than spouseLow hip to waist ratioWomen’s valuesSocioeconomic status“good financial prospects”“ambition and industriousness”Being younger than spouseDev Singh VideoBig MisconceptionOnly thing that defines body = weight–SHAPE is not capturedMind is designed to look for health based on LOCATION of fat, not just Fat vs. Skinny1991 Singh developed series of figures from .7 to 1.0Ideal Body ImageWhich image is ideal for your sex?Which comes closest to your own body?Sex differences in perceptions of desirable body shapeAnother problem with dieting: The “what the hell
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