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UT PSY 301 - Sensation & Perception
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Sensation & PerceptionScent of a WomanSlide 3From Scentsational Sex: The Secret to Using Aroma for Arousal, 1998Sniffing out the truthHow does physical energy become a psychological experience?Example- VisionImportance of SmellHow our nose knowsOlfactory SystemSlide 11AgeHow early?How sensitive to scent are we?Pheromones4 categories of behavior affected by Pheromones“if you had to smell it all the time”Fragrance enhanced performanceFragrance & ArousalFragrance enhances aggressionSlide 21How well do our senses sense?Slide 23Slide 24Gestalt Principles AppliedSlide 26Gestalt Laws of GroupingSlide 28StereotypesWhite men can’t jump, 1997ClosureHighly adept, yet often fooledS.B.Slide 34ProcedureResultsBinocular Cues to DepthSlide 38Slide 39Slide 40Sensation & PerceptionSensation & PerceptionLecture 6Lecture 62/09/042/09/04Scent of a WomanScent of a Woman•Does smell really signify attractiveness?From Scentsational Sex: The Secret to From Scentsational Sex: The Secret to Using Aroma for Arousal, 1998Using Aroma for Arousal, 1998“PPL are powerfully influenced no by manly, sweet, or earthy colognes, but by odd mixtures of everyday odors- pumpkin pie and lavender for men, or licorice candy mixed with cucumber for women”Sniffing out the truthSniffing out the truthLove-Scent.com - Lovescent is greatly supported because of the message boards/discussion groups, money back guarantee and testimonials. The chatting forum gives you a real account on which pheromones products to buy and how to mix pheromones to get the results you want. If you think you have too many choices of androstenone concentrate products, just go to the message boards to see how to mix pheromones or see which of the human pheromones are best for you. For the record Alter Ego is one of the best pheromone products of all human pheromones / pheromones on the internet.How does physical energy become How does physical energy become a psychological experience?a psychological experience?•Sensation–Sensory receptors in eyes, ears, nose absorb raw, physical energy•Transduction–Raw energy converted to neural signals to be sent to brain•Perception–Signals selected, organized & interpretedExample- VisionExample- VisionSunsetSensory receptors in eyes Neural impulses (Chemical rxn of light sensitive cells)Brain (occipital lobe)Importance of SmellImportance of Smell•Past: used sweat, brain, urine, odor to diagnose illness–Today: Aromatherapy (inhalation of odors) to ward off illness•Dogs have 200 million olfactory receptors, we have only 10 million–Dogs mark territory, signal danger, establish dominance, attract mates, track down animals, criminals, drugs, disease…•Can our behavior influenced by odor?How our nose knowsHow our nose knows1. Breathe through nose and mouth to inhale airborne oderant molecules2. Molecules dissolved and trapped by olfactory receptors3. Like lock & key, AP activated in olfactory bulb4. Info DIRECTLY distributed throughout cortex & limbic system•What do I smell, how do I feel about that smell, have I smelled that before & AwarenessOlfactory SystemOlfactory System•We can distinguish among 10,000 different odor molecules–Primary odors are vinegar, rose, mint, rotten egg, mothballs, dry-cleaning fluid, musk–Women > men in ID-ing different smells•Some are anosmic (Ben Cohen)Individuals differ in smelling sensitivityAgeAge•Nursing infants (2wks) prefer their own mother’s body odor to others.•Olfactory sensitivity peaks in middle age and declines in 70’s + 80’s–Based on National Geographic scratch n’ sniff recognition test.How early?How early?•Expose fetal rat pups to lemon scent–Nursing preference–Place-preference task–Mate preferenceHow sensitive to scent are we?How sensitive to scent are we?•Sniffing Studies–College students can ID own shirts–Mothers can pick out children’s–Most can ID Men vs. women–Women can ‘sniff’ attractive menPheromonesPheromones•Chemicals secreted by animals of same species to transmit signals•Dogs in heat…•E.g. male Emperor Moth–Chemoreceptors on antennae can detect scent of virgin female > 6 miles away!4 categories of behavior affected by 4 categories of behavior affected by PheromonesPheromones1. Mother-Infant Interaction2. Territorial Marking3. Reproductive Synchrony4. Sexual Attraction““if you had to smell it all the time”if you had to smell it all the time”•49 unmarried women•Chose smell of genetically similar men to fathers•Women who had pheromone added to perfume reported 50% increase in sexual attention from men–Sexual intercourse, kissing, heavy petting, affection, slept closerFragrance enhanced performanceFragrance enhanced performanceYale Chocolate Study, 199121 1413 14RETESTLEARNINGOdorNo OdorOdorNo OdorFragrance & ArousalFragrance & Arousal•Write description of personality–Exchange with partner•Rate partner–Exchange•Angry vs. Nonangry•“Aggression Machine”–Jungle gardenia vs. no scentFragrance enhances aggressionFragrance enhances aggressionNO SCENT PERFUMENOT ANGRY 3 2ANGRY 34Organization and interpretation of visual informationHow well do our senses sense?How well do our senses sense?•Experience is subjective•The same visual input can result in radically different perceptions–Psychophysics•Relationship between physical stimulation AND subjective sensations–Signal Detection Theory• Detection based on signal AND response criterion•Center figure depends on the order in which one looks at the figures:–If scanned from the left, man’s face –If scanned from the right, a woman’s figurePerceptual SetPerceptual Set: Letter B or Number 13?Gestalt Principles AppliedGestalt Principles Applied1. Figure & Ground–Dividing visual displays into the THING being looked at and the BACKGROUND against which it stands•THING has substance, stands in front of ground•Fundamental Attribution Error–Discounting the situation, attributing behavior to dispositions•Why did she litter? And you?Gestalt Laws of GroupingGestalt Laws of Grouping•We tend to group collections of shapes, sizes, colors, and other features into perceptual wholes•Proximity–Seeing 3 pair of lines in A•Similarity–Seeing columns of orange and red dots in B•Continuity–Seeing lines that connect 1 to 2 and 3 to 4 in C•Closure–Seeing a horse in DStereotypesStereotypes•Generalizations about groups with identical characteristics•We tend to see members of


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UT PSY 301 - Sensation & Perception

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