ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 ANTH 1001 HUMAN EVOLUTION Emergency of Anatomically Modern Humans aka us 11 28 23 Gilbert Tostevin Department of Anthropology University of Minnesota 3 ChimeIn Questions are available Answer all of them now and then we will debrief Khoisan rock art South Africa 1 Practicalities The Discussion Post 2 assignment on Hominins Archaeology and the Origins of Agriculture opened at 9 00am on Monday 11 20 You must submit your discussion post and respond to another student s post by 5 00pm THIS Friday Dec 1 1 2 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 1 2 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 ChimeIn Question 1 In the jaw the greatest amount of force is placed on the in a prognathic face A cheek teeth B front teeth C maxillary dentition D mandibular dentition E molariform dentition ChimeIn Question 2 Which of the following hominins are ONLY found in Africa Select all that apply A Australopithecus B Homo heidelbergensis C Homo sapiens D Homo naledi E Paranthropus F Homo erectus G Homo rudolfensis H Homo habilis 3 4 3 4 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 2 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 ChimeIn Question 3 Which hominin has mid facial prognathism an occipital bun a robust skeleton and a retromolar gap A Homo heidelbergensis B Homo erectus C Homo neanderthalensis D Homo naledi E Homo floresiensis F Homo sapiens 5 Topics for Today Neanderthal humanity Empathy Burial Art rate of culture change The emergence of modern humans Homo sapiens sapiens in Africa Anatomical traits Middle Stone Age behavioral modernity complexity art projectile technologies and social networks The modern human expansions out of Africa 1st Dispersals 90 100 ka 2nd Dispersals 55 35 ka the Upper Paleolithic technocomplexes and consequences for hybridization 6 5 6 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 3 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Did Neanderthals have the qualities we consider to be human Empathy Burial Art 7 8 7 8 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 4 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Shanidar I s withered arm injured skull Evidence for caretaking and conspecific compassion Did Neanderthals bury their dead 9 10 9 10 Was there ritual significance to these acts University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 5 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Many Neanderthal burials were found in the early 20th century La Chapelle aux Saints France La Ferrassie France Were they intentionally buried Did they use grave goods 11 12 Neanderthal at Kebara Cave named Moshe discovered in 1982 My view compared with Upper Paleolithic burials yes Neanderthals did practice this behavior But it is still good to be skeptical H naledi evidence does not pass this test of skepticism 11 12 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 6 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Shanidar 4 burial Iraq Pollen from 7 of the species were bright flowers Spring burial Flowers as a grave offering 13 14 Shanidar 4 burial Iraq Pollen dispersed by the wind Rodent burrows Persian jird Meriones persicus So no good evidence of Neanderthal burial goods to date that cannot be explained through other means 13 14 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 7 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 But were your great grandparents buried with grave goods If not does this mean that you did not value them 15 16 A modern Homo sapiens from Sunghir an Upper Paleolithic Gravettian technocomplex 24 to 32 ka cal BP site near Vladimir Russia in northern Europe 15 16 Did Neanderthals make symbolic artifacts art University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 8 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Pre 2010 view Unlike their contemporaries in the African Middle Stone Age Neanderthals didn t have all of these things A broad diet Compound tools Bone tools Pigments Ornaments Cogni cid 415 ve de ciencies rela cid 415 ve to Modern Humans 17 18 12 18 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 9 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Soressi et al 2013 But these are still 30 000 years after bone tools of Moderns in South Africa 19 Other evidence for symbolic behavior Abraded manganese blocks Pech de l Az I Heyes et al 2016 19 20 Cut marks on eagle talons above multiple sites raptor wings right Fumane cave Romandini et al 2014 20 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 10 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Is this how we should reconstruct Neanderthals 21 22 Reconstruction by Fabio Fogliazza based on Fumane Cave finds 21 Neanderthal associated cave paintings 66 7 kya minimum age Maltravieso Spain 64 8 kya minimum age La Pasiega Spain Hoffmann et al 2018 22 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 11 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Symbolic artifacts from the Ch telperronian culture at Arcy sur Cure France 45 ka Saint C saire Neanderthal France 3D reconstruction Zollikofer et al 2002 PNAS An Upper Paleolithic cultural phenomenon originally associated with a few Neanderthal bones but the stratigraphic associations were obscured by poor excavation methods 23 Neanderthal at Saint C saire France is now more likely associated with Middle Paleolithic without art 23 24 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 12 24 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 But we also know that Neanderthals were fewer on the ground fewer sites less diverse mtDNA showing more genetic drift from small populations more locally adapted short raw material distances and likely less social low rates of cumulative culture change 25 26 Neanderthals had cultural traditions for making cutting edges BUT they kept disappearing reappearing through time Nothing EVER went VIRAL spreading across a continent for a period to be replaced by another viral culture 25 26 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 13 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Modern Human Archaeological Cultures of the Upper Paleolithic Chatelperronian Aurignacian Gravettian Solutrean Magdalenian etc 45 40 kya 45 30 kya 33 17 kya 22 17 kya 17 12 kya Studying Neanderthals for themselves as another way to be human Hominin social organization today Hominin social organizations in the past 27 28 27 28 University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus 14 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Becoming modern humans The
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