1 Anth 1001 Spring 2014 Name:____________________________________ Evening Section Aaron Armstrong Lab Section:__________ Final Exam YOU MUST HAND IN THIS BOOKLET ALONG WITH YOUR SCANTRON SHEET! All multiple choice questions are worth 1 point each. Each question will have only 1 correct answer – be sure to select the best possible answer for each question. Along with filling out the electronic answer (scantron) sheet you must also indicate your answers on this question form. The scantron sheet will not be returned to you, we will return your answer form. 1. The earliest stone tools are dated to: a) 1.8 million year ago b) 600,000 years ago c) 3.4 million year ago d) 2.6 million year ago e) 40,000 years ago 2. Some anthropologists adhere to the Multiregional Model of modern human origins which posits that starting around 1.8 million years ago a single species of Homo lived in Europe, Asia, and Africa and eventually graded into anatomically modern Homo sapiens. What evolutionary process must have been occurring for a single species to exist over such a large area for such a long time? a) gene flow b) mutation c) sexual selection d) genetic drift e) disruptive selection 3. What do broad apical tufts suggest about hominin behavior? a) they at low quality foods b) they were obligate bipeds c) there was a lot of competition among males d) they had precise control of their hands e) they ate high quality foods2 4. The wings of parrots and bats are an example of a(n) _______ trait: a) convergent b) homologous c) cladistic d) allopatric e) shared derived 5. Dated fossil remains from Java suggest that Homo erectus was present there as long ago as 1.8 million years ago. Why are these dates surprising? a) Java was glaciated at that time b) Java has always been an island, therefore Homo erectus must have had boat technology c) the date is very close to the earliest appearance of Homo erectus in Africa, suggesting rapid migration d) the date predates the earliest appearance of Homo erectus in Africa, suggesting H. erectus evolved in Java e) Homo erectus was not an efficient biped and it is surprising that it traveled to Java so rapidly 6. Among extant species of non-human apes, gibbons are the only ones that are: a) territorial b) monogamous c) arboreal d) indigenous to Asia e) herbivorous 7-11. Identify the following features of the Homo erectus cranium and mandible: 7. Supraorbital torus c 8. Occipital torus e 9. Sagittal keel a 10. Coronoid process b 11. Zygomatic arch d3 12. The Acheulean tradition of stone tool making is associated with which species of hominin? a) Paranthropus robustus b) Homo habilis c) Homo erectus d) Homo sapiens e) Homo neanderthalensis 13. The first hominin known to have lived in western Europe was: a) Homo neanderthalensis b) Homo habilis c) Homo erectus d) Homo heidelbergensis (archaic Homo sapiens) e) Homo sapiens 14. Phenotype is an individual’s: a) personal genetic blueprint b) physical appearance as determined by genes alone c) ABO blood group type d) physical appearance as determined by genes and life history e) status as a hetero- or homozygote for a given trait 15. A team of paleoanthropologists have found a fossil skull. The features included an occipital bun, projecting midface, large browridges, and a long low cranial vault. What species should they conclude this skull belongs to? a) Homo neanderthalensis b) Homo sapiens c) Homo erectus d) Homo heidelbergensis (archaic Homo sapiens) e) Australopithecus afarensis 16. An allele is defined as: a) a gene that switches other genes on and off b) a homozygous gene c) a heterozygous gene d) three base pairs e) a variant of a gene4 17. Homo erectus is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a) tool-making b) large cheek teeth and small incisors c) increased brain size d) thick bones and a robust skeleton e) habitual bipedalism 18. Each of the following taxa are candidates for being the hominin that invented the first stone tool industry EXCEPT: a) Homo erectus b) Paranthropus c) Australopithecus garhi d) Homo habilis e) Homo rudolfensis 19. “Cro-Magnon Man” was a(n): a) Homo erectus from SE Asia. b) Homo erectus from Africa. c) Homo neanderthalensis from Europe. d) Homo sapiens from Europe. e) hoax that fooled paleoanthropologists in the early 20th century 20. Which of the following first occurred during the Upper Paleolithic? a) earliest evidence for the controlled use of fire. b) earliest evidence for compound tools such as the atlatl (spear-thrower). c) first appearance of anatomically modern Homo sapiens. d) first appearance of Neanderthals in the Middle East. e) invention of the Levallois core preparation technique. 21. What happened by the end of the Miocene (approximately 8-5 million years ago)? a) The world’s climate became warmer and the first mammals appear. b) There was an adaptive radiation of hominoids. c) The first hominids appear in Southeast Asia. d) A cooler, drier climate created new selection pressures for East African apes. e) The human ancestor Eoanthropus dawsoni evolved in Europe.5 22. According to the Expensive Tissue Hypothesis, the increased metabolic costs of larger brains were met by what change in later Homo? a) Increased robusticity of the masticatory system. b) Increased utilization of high quality foods. c) Increased gut size. d) Decreased overall body size. e) Decreased basal metabolic rate. 23. Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens: a) coexisted in Europe for at least 9,000 years b) never existed in the same place at the same time (Neanderthals disappeared immediately after the arrival of ANHs). c) coexisted in Africa for 50,000 years. d) are morphologically indistinguishable, so we can’t tell how long they coexisted. e) DNA suggests that they never interbred. 24. The three necessary and sufficient conditions for Natural Selection are: I. Genetic mutation in a Trait II. Variation in a Trait III. Modification of the Trait IV. Inheritance of the Trait V. Differential Fitness caused by the Trait a) I, II, and III b) I, III, and V c) II, III, and V d) II, IV, and V e) I, II, and IV 25. A trait shared by two different species because they have descended from a common ancestor is: a) derived b) homologous c) analogous d) adaptative e) convergent6 26. Refer to the
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