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U of M ANTH 1001 - Lecture 25 12-12-17 Homo sapiens (20 pages)

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Lecture 25 12-12-17 Homo sapiens



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Lecture 25 12-12-17 Homo sapiens

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Pages:
20
School:
University of Minnesota- Twin Cities
Course:
Anth 1001 - Human Evolution
Human Evolution Documents

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12 13 2017 Anatomically Modern Humans Engaging prey at a distance may remove selective force for robust bones Advanced compound technology allows true projectiles the atl atl or spear thrower Atl atl does not spread into Eurasia until after 50 kya Bow and arrow only certain after 15 kya 2 1 12 13 2017 Platform cores Microblade cores cores 5cm producing bladelets 1cm wide Blade cores producing flakes called blades with a length width ratio 2 1 Blade Technology John Shea in press Stone Tools in Human Evolution The Archaeology of Behavioral Differences Among Technological Primates Cambridge University Press 3 New compound tools using small microlithic technology cutting edges Blades flakes with length 2xWidth are the best standardized blanks for segmenting into compound tools Diversification and economization of tasks one can accomplish with a cutting edge 4 2 12 13 2017 Who invented all of these technological innovations in Africa during the Middle Stone Age 5 Herto Ethiopia Anatomically Modern Human at 195 160 kya 6 3 12 13 2017 What is an anatomically modern human Small gracile face Protruding chin Small teeth Rounded globular skull High forehead High pentagonal shape when viewed from behind Gracile postcranium long more slender limbs 7 Neanderthals win the First Near Eastern Stand off Moderns in the Near East 115 90 ka BOTH use Middle Paleolithic material culture Neanderthals in the Near East 90 50 ka Bar Yosef Vandermeersch Behavioral Modernity appeared separately and later than Anatomical Modernity 8 4 12 13 2017 It is partly the cultural evolution of Late Pleistocene Homo sapiens that will tell us why we inherited the Earth while all of the other Homo species went extinct 9 Earliest post crania of Modern Humans in Europe are clearly tropical in proportions Upper Paleolithic population of Central Europe Doln V stonice triple burial 30 28 ka 10 5 12 13 2017 Lower limb proportions Tibia Femur crural index cold adapted Mandibular angle Neanderthallike Erik Trinkaus Lagar Velho Portugal at 25 kya Skeletal evidence for Neanderthal Modern mixture 11 12 6 12 13 2017 What of genetics 13 Nuclear vs Mitochondrial DNA Nuclear DNA from both parents Mitochondrial DNA only from mother Mostly Coding Mostly Non coding Mostly adaptation a little history Mostly lineage history Codon 3 base pairs coding for an amino acid Exon sequence of codons that makes a protein i e exon gene Intron sequence of base pairs not coding for amino acids mtDNA does not code mutations will not be removed and therefore is a clock if you know the mutation rate 14 7 12 13 2017 Non coding sequences of mtDNA variability in living peoples Early work variability pools on a few loci only 15 The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans using mtDNA tree geographic locations 16 8 12 13 2017 The Most Recent Common Ancestor TMRCA Coalescent A Fact of Genetic Reduction for mtDNA Eve Non recombining part of Y chromosome Any segment of DNA small enough to avoid recombination during meiosis 17 mtDNA


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