1 Anth 1001 Spring 2014 Name:______________________________________ Evening Section Aaron Armstrong Lab Section:__________ Midterm 2 YOU MUST HAND IN THIS BOOKLET ALONG WITH YOUR SCANTRON SHEET! All multiple choice questions are worth 1 point each. Each question will have only 1 correct answer – be sure to select the best possible answer for each question. Along with filling out the electronic answer (scantron) sheet you must also indicate your answers on this question form. The scantron sheet will not be returned to you, we will return your answer form. 1) Which of the following is a shared derived trait of all hominins and only hominins? a) bipedality b) small canines c) big brain d) reduced molar size e) orthogrady For questions 2-5 match the ape species with their type of social system. Not all answers will be used. 2) gibbon (Hylobates) b a) multi-male, multi-female polygyny 3) gorilla (Gorilla) c b) monogamous pairs 4) chimp (Pan) a c) single-male, multi-female polygyny 5) orangutan (Pongo) e d) multi-male, single female polyandry e) primarily solitary 6) Imagine you are an archaeologist excavating a site in Africa. You unearth the fossilized skull of an unidentified hominin clearly associated with a layer of volcanic tuff that has been dated to 500,000 ±1,600 years. What dating technique would you use to date the fossil? a) Radiocarbon dating (14C) b) Argon-Argon dating (40Ar-39Ar) c) Potassium-Argon dating (40K-39Ar) d) Biostratigraphy e) Law of Superposition2 7-9) Use the cladogram above to answer the following questions: 7) On the cladogram above, which letter corresponds to the last common ancestor (LCA) of the clade? b 8) On the same cladogram, where would you identify the origin of the 2123/2123 dental formua? d 9) On the same cladogram, where would you identify the origin of Catarrhine primates? d 10) Curious George (shown above) is a classic children’s storybook character. He has no tail, an intermembral index not equal to 100, orthograde posture, and someday he’ll grow up to be fairly large, relative to all the primates. What kind of primate is he? a) old world monkey b) new world monkey c) therapsid d) ape e) plesiadapiform Strepsirhines New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys Apes and Humans a. b. c. d. e.3 11-13) Match the trait to the primate group with which it is most closely associated. Answers can only be used once and not all answers will be used. 11) Strepsirhines b a) prehensile tails 12) Tarsiers d b) tooth comb 13) All fossil and extant primates e c) orthograde posture d) partial post-orbital wall e) petrosal auditory bulla 14) Which is the most likely explanation for female sexual swellings in primates? a) To let the males of the same species know which individuals are female. b) It serves as a sign that the female is pregnant. c) To make it easy for males to spot females in dense forest vegetation. d) The appearance of the swelling deters predators. e) It serves as a sign of female quality and health. 15) Imagine you are a museum worker who just uncovered an unmarked primate skull in a specimen drawer. After close examination you see the primate has a full post-orbital wall, fused skull sutures, an externally enclosed auditory meatus, and bilophodont molars. You conclude the skull is that of a(n): a) new world monkey b) tarsier c) prosimian d) old world monkey e) ape 16) All of the following are reasons why observing primate behavior in the wild is relevant to the study of human evolution EXCEPT: a) To provide a context for understanding human adaptations. b) To better understand the evolution of traits that humans share with some or many other primates as well as traits that appear to be unique to humans. c) To better understand how hominins behaved in the past by observing chimp behavior as humans evolved from chimpanzees. d) To develop and test hypotheses relating to the diet, social behavior, and anatomy of extinct primates. e) To better understand and conserve our evolutionary cousins. 17) All of the following are shared, derived features of apes relative to other primates EXCEPT: a) Y-5 molar cusp pattern b) lack of tail c) loss of arboreal adaptations d) increased encephalization (brain size) e) orthograde posture4 18) All of the following are true regarding the ecological potential for polygyny EXCEPT: a) male variance in reproductive success is usually greater than female variance in reproductive success b) ecological resources strongly shape the distribution of females and males on the landscape c) after mating paternal investment usually matches maternal investment d) the potential for polygyny varies for all species according to the variables evaluated by the females e) males can often monopolize patchy resources and gain greater access to females 19) ___________ is an example of a good preservational condition for a paleoanthropological site. a) Acidic soil b) Consumption and trampling of artifacts by animals c) A still water environment (anaerobic) d) Weathering (e.g., sunlight) e) Slow burial 20) Paleoanthropologists used a sequence of more than 40 volcanic tufts to estimate the stratigraphic chronology of East African rift valley system. What technique was used to date the tuffs? a) Radiocarbon dating (14C) b) Thermoluminescence (TL) c) Potassium-Argon dating (40K-39Ar) d) Biostratigraphy e) Taphonomy 21) Which of the following Cenozoic epochs is dated correctly? a) Miocene: 23 – 5mya b) Cretaceous: 1.8mya – 11,700ya c) Silurian: 5 – 1.8mya d) Pliocene: 55 – 34mya e) Paleozoic: 65 – 55mya 22) What is the difference between relative dating techniques and chronometric dating techniques? a) Relative dating techniques use radiocarbon dating to establish the age of a locality whereas chronometric dating techniques use methods that rely on some form of radioactive decay to establish a date. b) Relative dating techniques use the principles of stratigraphy to establish relative ages between localities whereas chronometric dating techniques use various methods that measure some form of radioactive decay to establish a date. c) Relative dating techniques use the principles of stratigraphy to establish relative ages between localities whereas chronometric dating techniques use associative methods like
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