1 Anth 1001 Spring 2014 Name:______________________________________ Evening Section Aaron Armstrong Lab Section:__________ Midterm 1 YOU MUST HAND IN THIS BOOKLET ALONG WITH YOUR SCANTRON SHEET! All multiple choice questions are worth 1 point each. Each question will have only 1 correct answer – be sure to select the best possible answer for each question. Along with filling out the electronic answer (scantron) sheet you must also indicate your answers on this question form. The scantron sheet will not be returned to you, we will return your answer form. 1) Which of the following is NOT one of Darwin’s five theories of evolution? a. Species change over time (evolution as such). b. Evolution is gradual. c. All organisms share a common ancestry. d. Evolution occurs through natural selection. e. Evolution leads to the fixity, or fixation, of species. 2) Genotype refers to an individual’s _________ while phenotype refers to __________. a. reproductive success… successful adaptations produced by Natural Selection b. actual genetic make-up… the observable characteristics of an individual c. successful adaptations produced by Natural Selection… reproductive success of an individual d. observable characteristics… actual genetic make-up of an individual e. sex… its species 3) Which of the following is TRUE of sexual selection? a. It has less to do with reproduction, and more to do with “survival” of the individual. b. It can lead to the selection of traits that might otherwise seem detrimental to survival. c. Female mate choice plays a minimal role. d. It is not a form of natural selection. e. It is the result of genetic drift and gene flow. 4) One of Mendel’s principles, which states that an allele from the mother or father are both equally likely to be transmitted when gametes are formed, is called ______. a. natural selection b. the modern synthesis c. independent assortment d. founder effect e. genetic drift2 5) A species of fish exhibits variety in fin size which affects an individual’s reproductive success. The fish with the smallest fins fall victim to predators more frequently because they cannot swim fast enough. The fish with the largest fins, while able to out-swim their predators, are not able to find enough food to meet their high energy needs. Consequently, the number of fish with medium-sized fins increases from generation to generation, as is reflected in the graph above. What mode of selection does this example illustrate? a. gamete selection b. directional selection c. disruptive selection d. stabilizing selection e. artificial selection 6) Hamadryas (Papio hamadryas) and savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) occupy neighboring but different habitats and have different mating behaviors in the environments in which they live. Offspring of a hamadryas and savanna baboon mating are not very capable at procuring mating opportunities in either society or environment, resulting in lower reproductive success for the hybrids. Which type of speciation does this represent? a. pleitropy b. allopatric speciation c. monotonous speciation d. parapatric speciation e. sympatric speciation 7) Which of the following traits is critical for constructing evolutionary relationships within a lineage (e.g. understanding the relatedness of different but related species; a cladogram)? a. Single derived traits b. Homologous traits c. Shared derived traits d. Ancestral traits e. Heterozygous traits3 8) Refer to the image above: to what feature is the arrow pointing? a. foramen magnum b. acetabulum c. pubis d. blade e. glenoid fossa 9) Refer to the image above: what bone is depicted? a. scapula b. femur c. tibia d. mandible e. clavicle 10) Dolphins (mammals) and extinct ichthyosaurs (reptiles) both evolved flippers through modification of their forelimbs for life underwater. The common ancestor between dolphins and ichthyosaurs, however, did not have flippers. This indicates that the presence of flippers in these two species is due to ___________. The common ancestor between both species did have forelimbs, which makes the presence of forelimbs (though modified) between dolphins and ichthyosaurs ___________. a. genetic drift… natural selection b. convergence… homologous c. mutation… an ideosyncracy d. homology… convergent e. macroevolution… polyandrous4 11-13) For questions 11-13, select from the options listed below. Answers may be used more than once. a. natural selection b. gene flow c. sexual reproduction d. mutation e. genetic drift 11) If this mechanism is occurring there cannot be reproductive isolation between two populations. B 12) Evolution by this mechanism occurs if the following three necessary and sufficient conditions are met: variation in a trait, genetic inheritance of that trait, and differential reproductive success based on that trait variant. A 13) This mechanism is random change in gene frequencies in a population caused by sampling error (e.g. not genetic error). E 14) As seen in the video “Voyage to the Galapagos,” why do masked booby parents allow one chick to commit siblicide against the other? a. The costs of feeding more than one chick are so high it decreases the parents’ lifetime reproductive success, b. Mean and aggressive boobies are more likely to survive and reproduce. c. Reproductive success is always increased by natural selection, so having a higher number of chicks is advantageous. d. Booby chicks must be strong to avoid predation. The sibling that kills the bother is most likely the stronger of the two and therefore less likely to become prey. e. The presence of siblicide in masked boobies is not actually the result. 15) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the scientific method? a. Hypothesis testing is based on observations in the natural world. b. A hypothesis is an educated guess. c. The scientific process is meant to be transparent and repeatable. d. The terms “theory” and “hypothesis” are identical and interchangeable. e. The purpose of testing a hypothesis is to see if it can be proven wrong.5 16) What dilemma did the modern synthesis solve? a. It helped to explain why males in many species of primates committed infanticide despite the reduced reproductive success of females. b. It bridged the gap between Darwin’s theory of
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