ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 ANTH 1001 HUMAN EVOLUTION SPECIATION PHYLOGENY 9 21 23 Maria Nieves Col n Gilbert Tostevin Department of Anthropology University of Minnesota Practicalities Pre Lab 3 Quiz is due before 11 59pm on Sunday 9 24 Lab 3 next week will explore how to collect data on Primate Behavior Starting on Monday 9 25 your first At Home Assignment called Discussion Post 1 will be available on Canvas here Due at 5pm on Friday Oct 6 with follow up post due before 48 hours later Tostevin s office hours next week on Tuesday 9 26 will be 1 2pm instead of 1 3pm 1 2 1 2 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 1 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Recap Genetics Who what function where when Mechanisms of Evolution effects on variation within and between populations through time What genetics and biology say about modern human variation including how wrong science has been in the past 3 3 4 ChimeIn Question If Zach Weinersmith is correct about the feline hairball DNA sequence CAT GAG what would be the transcription into mRNA Remember in DNA C G A T whereas in RNA A U A GTA CTC B GUA CUC C CAU GAG Click on the In Lecture Chime In link on the course Canvas homepage Load ChimeIn questions in a new window ANTH 1001 Fall 2023 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 4 2 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 ChimeIn Question Where in the eukaryote cell does transcription occur and in what language A B C D In the nucleus in the language of nucleotides In the nucleus in the language of proteins In the ribosome in the language of nucleotides In the ribosome in the language of proteins Click on the In Lecture Chime In link on the course Canvas homepage Load ChimeIn questions in a new window ANTH 1001 Fall 2023 ChimeIn Question Where in the eukaryote cell does translation occur and in what language A B C D In the nucleus in the language of nucleotides In the nucleus in the language of proteins In the ribosome in the language of nucleotides In the ribosome in the language of proteins Click on the In Lecture Chime In link on the course Canvas homepage Load ChimeIn questions in a new window ANTH 1001 Fall 2023 5 6 5 6 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 3 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 ChimeIn Question Which of the following is a non random mechanism of evolution A Mutation B Gene Flow C Genetic Drift D Founder s Effect E Natural Selection Click on the In Lecture Chime In link on the course Canvas homepage Load ChimeIn questions in a new window ANTH 1001 Fall 2023 Natural Selection is NOT progressive But it is also NOT random It is situational and contextual If the differential success associated with a heritable variant is consistent through time NS can build complex adaptations out of the accumulations of very small changes 7 8 7 8 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 4 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Non Random Culling the Evolution of Complex Adaptations Trial 1 WDLMNLT DTJBSWIRZREZLMQCO P 10 MDLDMNLS ITJISWHRZREZ MECS P 20 MELDINLS IT ISWPRKE Z WECSEL 30 METHINGS IT ISWLIKE B WECSEL 40 METHINKS IT IS LIKE I WEASEL 43 METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL 9 Today s Lecture Part 1 How do populations speciate Species definitions Biological and ecological species concepts Speciation processes Allopatric parapatric sympatric Hybridization Why talk about species immediately after talking about racial variation in humans as bad science 10 9 10 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 5 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Speciation evolutionary processes that bridge or cross the scale between micro and macro evolution A common comment on the street Forming new species is impossible because the first reproductively isolated organism will be incapable of mating with any other organism 11 12 Speciation is NOT an event It is a PROCESS 11 12 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 6 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Darwin s 5 theories regarding evolution Species change evolution as such All organisms share a common ancestry Evolution is gradual Evolution leads to speciation Evolution occurs through Natural Selection 13 The 4 Mechanisms of Evolution can lead to Speciation across these scales 13 14 https evolution berkeley edu evolibrary article evoscales 01 14 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 7 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Microevolution occurs at short timescales usually from one generation to the next https evolution berkeley edu evolibrary article evoscales 01 15 15 16 Macroevolution occurs through long timescales that transcend individual lifespans https www cabarrus k12 nc us Page 56265 16 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 8 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 What is a species Life can be clustered into distinct types as Linneaus did Species groups of organisms that are similar to each other and distinguished from other groups by their behavior morphology and ability to create viable offspring Species are real biological concepts But they can be difficult to define Species boundaries 17 18 17 18 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 9 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Speciation as gene flow complete hybridization How do you get from complete hybridization to NO hybridization no hybridization Speciation bridging micro and macro evolution but with the SAME 4 MECHANISMS same species different species 19 20 19 20 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 10 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Scientific American Voyage to the Galapagos Video 4007593 on the Digital Content Library of the UofM using the Elevator app https dcl elevator umn edu to 40 58 watch rest on your own 21 22 Habitat vs Niche x500 login clip from 16 10 19 48 22 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 11 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Note the 10 rule for the transfer of energy from a lower to a higher trophic levels within an ecosystem 23 24 Cedar Bog Lake MN at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve a UMN biological field station Raymond Lindeman 1915 1942 Pioneered the concept of trophic dynamics in ecology 23 24 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 12 ANTH1001 Nieves Col n Tostevin Fall 2023 Example Hawaiian honeycreepers 25 Adaptive Radiation a Relatively rapid expansion and diversification of life forms into new ecological niches b Initial phenotypic diversity due to relaxed selection c Radiations usually end with increased selection pressures in the newly filled niches Adaptive Radiation Example Hawaiian honeycreepers 25 26 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 13
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