Midterm 1 Anth 1001 SpringSample Exam Questions Evening Section1) __________ refers to evolutionary changes within a species, while __________ refers to changes that lead to the development of new species.a. Microevolution… macroevolutionb. Genetic drift… gene flowc. Cladistics… phylogeneticsd. Gene flow… genetic drifte. Parapatric speciation… allopatric speciation2) Darwin developed his theory of evolution by means of natural selection in a social context in 19th century England. During this period, all of the following were commonly held beliefs except_______________.a. the fixity of speciesb. that genetic drift was the main source of change in organismsc. divine creationd. that the earth was younge. that traits of the mother and father were blended together in the offspring3) Which of the following is FALSE regarding DNA?a. It contains four kinds of bases that form pairs – A-T and C-G.b. It is primarily composed of a series of amino acid chains.c. It has two purposes: to replicate itself and synthesize proteins.d. The specific loci where protein molecules are synthesized are called genes.e. It is bundled together into chromosomes.4) Sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele. A man and a woman who are BOTH heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele (each has genotype Ss) have four children. How many family members are likelyto suffer from sickle-cell anemia? You may want to draw a Punnett Square.a) All six (both parents and all four children)b) Only the parentsc) The parents and two childrend) One childe) Two children5) Even though the sickle cell allele is deadly to homozygotes, it is maintained in the population because it can be advantageous to heterozygotes. This is an example of:a) gene flowb) genetic driftc) norm of reactiond) balanced polymorphisme) sexual selection6) Natural selection is one of the most important concepts in evolutionary biology. Which of the following is a necessary and sufficient condition for natural selection?a. Survival of the fittestb. Sexual dimorphismc. Behavior for the good of the speciesd. Differential reproductive success e. Inheritance of traits acquired during a parent’s lifetime7) The bright red feathers of a male cardinal give him increased access to females for mating. At the same time, the bird’s bright coloration makes him more visible to predators. This example illustrates what Darwin called:a. artificial selectionb. sexual selectionc. survival of the fittestd. inclusive fitnesse. creationism8) Carl Linneaus is credited with developing the:a. system of biological classificationb. theory of evolutionc. theory of catastrophismd. modern synthesise. theory of natural selection9) An allele that masks the effect of another is:a) monogenicb) polygenicc) recessived) dominante) pleiotropic10) Darwin’s On the Origin of Species was a groundbreaking work that today forms the bedrock of modern biology. However, Darwin’s theory of natural selection was not perfect. What was Darwin NOT able to explain?a) Sexual selectionb) Convergencec) Adaptation over timed) Artificial selectione) Genetic inheritance11) Allopatric speciation occurs when:a. A population is divided by geographic or environmental barriers and different phenotypes are favored in the different regions.b. The mean value of a trait, such as beak length, changes.c. Two different phenotypes are favored by selection in the same environment.d. Natural selection for different phenotypes is combined with partial genetic isolation. e. An event such as extinction of a class of animals opens up new ecological niches.12) For dog breeders, which would be easier to breed out (i.e. eliminate from the genome) of a population of dogs: a recessive or a dominant allele – and why?a) A recessive allele, because recessive alleles are genetically weaker than dominant alleles.b) A recessive allele, because you can always know the individual’s genotype by seeing their phenotype.c) A dominant allele, because you can always know the individual’s genotype by seeing their phenotype.d) A dominant allele, because it will always be expressed and so can be selected against.e) A recessive allele, because these alleles always produce individuals with a lower fitness.13) Darwin was deeply troubled by the fact that he was unable to explain how variation was maintained within a population. His worries would have been relieved if he had known abouta) Mendel’s principle of segregation.b) Alfred Wallace’s voyages to south east Asia.c) Raul Duke’s theory of reality.d) Lyell’s doctrine of uniformitarianism.e) Archbishop Ussher’s estimate for the date of creation.14) Individual organisms act fora) the survival of their own species.b) the survival of their own genes.c) the survival of their own group.d) increased ecological complexity .e) decreased ecological complexity.15) Which of the following lists includes all the long bones in the human leg?a) femur, humerus, ulnab) tibia, fibula, radiusc) ilium, fibula, femurd) fibula, femur, tibiae) humerus, ulna, radius16) In a population of 50 individuals, 20 people have the genotype TT, 18 have the genotype Tt and 12 have the genotype tt. There must be ____ T alleles and _____ t alleles.a. 58; 60b. 38; 30c. 49; 33d. 58; 42e. 50; 5017) Natural selection acts on the level of the:a) Populationb) Speciesc) Individuald) Genuse) Ecological Niche36-37) For questions 36 and 37, match the number to the correct bone. Not all answers will be used.A) humerusB) fibulaC) tibiaD) inomminateE)
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