ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Fabre et al 2022 A review of nose picking in primates with new evidence of its occurrence in Daubentonia madagascariensis Journal of Zoology https zslpublications onlinelibrary wiley com doi 10 1111 jzo 13034 Discussion Posts due by Friday Oct 6 at 5 00pm Submit a reply post by Sunday Oct 8 at 5 00pm 1 2 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 1 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 ANTH 1001 HUMAN EVOLUTION HUMANS AS PRIMATES Maria A Nieves Col n Gilbert Tostevin Department of Anthropology University of Minnesota 3 Primates Taxonomy Characteristics Diets Behavior Social organization Mating systems Ecology life history Image Science News 4 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 2 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Primates Taxonomy Characteristics Diets Behavior Social organization Mating systems Ecology life history Image Science News 5 An introduction to human behavioral ecology How are humans similar or not to other primates How can the study of hunter gatherer societies help us understand the evolution of human behavior our relationship to the environment 6 Image The Conversation Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 3 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Explorations textbook 7 8 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 4 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 fixed energy budget 9 10 Growth Maintenance Current Reproduction Future Reproduction Offspring higher probability of survival smaller litter size Offspring lower probability of survival larger litter size Individuals seek to optimize investment at their given stage of life to ensure their survival and reproductive success Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 5 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Art by Svetlana Ledneva top and Kate Sumners bottom 11 12 12 How can humans support this unique life history Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 6 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Images Arctic Centre University of Lapland Danish Institute for Human Rights ICTA UAB 13 Hunter gatherers foragers obtain subsistence from wild resources Nomadic Frequent residential moves to accommodate resource availability Today few people derive all their resources from this subsistence strategy But until 10 000 years ago most humans used this strategy Images Saltbox 14 Top Kung San hunter Inuit fisher hunter Bottom Urban forager in the UK Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 7 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 An important caveat Contemporary hunter gatherers are modern people adapted to present day ecosystems and adaptive pressures They are NOT perfect models or proxies for ancient humans But they employ a subsistence strategy that was common for most of human history So studying their modern lifestyles can provide clues about how human behavioral ecology strategies evolved Inuit hunter gatherers in the Chukchi Sea between Alaska Siberia 2004 Image by Ashley Cooper Alamy 15 16 16 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 8 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Human have a slow pace of growth and development Compared to other apes human infants take longer to become independent VS Image Maryland Zoo Image diydarlin com Pinterest 17 18 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 9 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Inter birth intervals IBI depend on trade offs between maternal investment in current and future offspring Human IBI 2 4 years depending on subsistence strategies In hunter gatherer societies parents have to carry and care for children while foraging for food and other resources This means carrying the child and their food for most of the early infancy period Image Newsweek 19 Image Peter Gray and Gul Deniz Salali 20 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 10 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 21 22 Top Maori and Inuit families Bottom Group of fathers in the USA Alloparenting 21 22 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 11 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Mating System Social System Mating System Social System Monogamy Polyandry Polygyny Multi Level societies of multi male Polygynandry multi female groups c i f i c e p s n o i t l a u p o P c i f i c e p s s e c e p s t i o n 23 23 24 24 Extended infant juvenile period Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 12 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Long post reproductive years menopause 25 25 Flo the chimpanzee 43 years Queen Elizabeth II 96 years Im ages Jane G oodall Institute R N Z N ew s 26 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 26 13 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 kin selection 27 We do not expect prior knowledge Answer your best guess J Human 28 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 14 27 28 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Orca Pilot whale Narwhal Beluga whale Human Inclusive Fitness Direct Fitness Indirect Fitness the individual s fitness fitness gained through relatives reproductive success plus its influence on its relatives 29 30 29 30 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 15 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Inclusive Fitness Direct Fitness Indirect Fitness the individual s fitness fitness gained through relatives The F family of Gombe Flo her children and grandchildren The Addams family Grandmama Addams her children and grandchildren 31 31 32 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 16 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Dawn of Social Networks Hunter gatherers Provide Clues About the Evolution of Cooperation 3 55 mins https www youtube com watch v It pHyDrkTM Our species retains many typically primate and distinctively apelike traits Strong social bonds slow life history large brains diverse diets cooperative behaviors But humans are not just another primate species Some human behaviors and adaptations are unique They provide us with behavioral flexibility that disrupts relationships between actions and reproductive success 33 34 Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 17 ANTH1001 Human Evolution Fall 2023 10 5 2023 Human Explorations textbook 35 36 ChimeIn Based on what you have learned so far which activities do you think early hominins engaged in that benefited from social cooperation Profs Nieves Colon Tostevin 18
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