LanguageLanguage is symbolicSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Meanings are in people not wordsLanguage is rule governedLanguage shapes attitudesWe need to be aware of how the language we use may effect othersA riddle to solve:Sexist languageWhat is wrong with the following statements?Racist languageLanguage based on stereotypesWhat is wrong with these statements?The language of misunderstandingsRelative wordsSlangJargonWhat are some examples of Jargon?Abstract languageAbstraction ladderExample using Abstraction ladderBehavioral descriptionA thorough behavioral description should answer:Disruptive language – language that causes conflictEvasive languageTwo types of evasive language:Gender and languageCulture and languageLanguage and worldviewWhorf-Sapir hypothesisLanguage““a collection of symbols governed by a collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages rules and used to convey messages between individuals”between individuals”Language is symbolicSymbolsSymbols- represent a communicator’s - represent a communicator’s thoughtsthoughtsWe experience the world through symbolsWe experience the world through symbolsExamples of symbols:Examples of symbols: ---Words, gestures, and signs---Words, gestures, and signsMeanings are in people not wordsPeople give words their meaningPeople give words their meaningPeople often interpret words differentlyPeople often interpret words differentlyA common communication error takes place when A common communication error takes place when we assume that everyone attaches the same we assume that everyone attaches the same meanings to words that we do.meanings to words that we do.We need to clarify meaning when communicating We need to clarify meaning when communicating with otherswith othersLanguage is rule governedPhonological rulesPhonological rules: how we pronounce : how we pronounce wordswordsSyntactic rulesSyntactic rules: how we structure language: how we structure languageSemantic rulesSemantic rules: how we assign meaning to : how we assign meaning to specific words and symbolsspecific words and symbolsPragmatic rulesPragmatic rules: tell us how to interpret a : tell us how to interpret a message in a particular contextmessage in a particular contextLanguage shapes attitudesThe way we speak gives others certain The way we speak gives others certain impressions of usimpressions of usCredibility and status are often decided Credibility and status are often decided according to the language we useaccording to the language we useWe need to be aware of how the language we use may effect othersBy avoiding sexist languageBy avoiding sexist languageBy avoiding racist languageBy avoiding racist languageBy avoiding stereotypesBy avoiding stereotypesA riddle to solve:A young boy was riding in a car with his A young boy was riding in a car with his father, together they got in a horrific car father, together they got in a horrific car accident, the father died and the son was accident, the father died and the son was rushed to the hospital for critical surgery.rushed to the hospital for critical surgery.The boy was in the surgery room when the The boy was in the surgery room when the doctor walked up, looked at him, and said “I doctor walked up, looked at him, and said “I can not operate on this boy, he is my son!”can not operate on this boy, he is my son!”How is this possible?How is this possible?Sexist languageLanguage that favors one sex over anotherLanguage that favors one sex over anotherWhat is wrong with the following statements?““I now pronounce you man and wife.”I now pronounce you man and wife.”““I can’t believe Ann kept her name when she I can’t believe Ann kept her name when she got married.”got married.”““John stayed home with his son while his John stayed home with his son while his wife went grocery shopping.”wife went grocery shopping.”““He is a male nurse”He is a male nurse”““She is a female lawyer.”She is a female lawyer.”““She is an actress.”She is an actress.”Racist languageThe use of derogatory terms used to label The use of derogatory terms used to label people outside of “the group”people outside of “the group”Language based on stereotypesStereotypesStereotypes – mistaken generalizations we – mistaken generalizations we make about othersmake about othersWhat is wrong with these statements?““My friend Hachividi is from India, but he My friend Hachividi is from India, but he acts like a regular guy.”acts like a regular guy.”““Asian people are smart”Asian people are smart”““Everyone from France is rude”Everyone from France is rude”““All Italian men cheat on their wives”All Italian men cheat on their wives”The language of misunderstandingsEquivocal languageEquivocal language – words that have two – words that have two meaningsmeaningsExamples:Examples: ProduceProduce- fresh farm products (fruit or vegetables)- fresh farm products (fruit or vegetables) ProduceProduce- to create something- to create something TearTear-a drop of clear salty liquid that lubricates the -a drop of clear salty liquid that lubricates the surface between the eyelid and eyeballsurface between the eyelid and eyeball TearTear- to pull apart into two or more pieces - to pull apart into two or more piecesRelative wordsGain their meaning by comparisonGain their meaning by comparisonThe meaning we attach to relative words depends on what they The meaning we attach to relative words depends on what they are compared toare compared toExamples:Examples: Large/ smallLarge/ small A lot/ a fewA lot/ a few Near/ far Near/ far Cheap/ expensiveCheap/ expensive***Using relative words without explaining what we mean may ***Using relative words without explaining what we mean may lead to misinterpretationslead to misinterpretationsSlangLanguage that is used within a particular Language that is used within a particular group of people who tend to identify with group of people who tend to identify with one anotherone anotherWhat are some examples of slang?What are some examples of slang?“ “ I’ve got the I’ve got the bling blingbling bling””““That car is That car is dopedope””““He lives in a He lives in a phatphat padpad””JargonSpecialized vocabulary that is used by
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