-Psychological Noise, Physiological NoiseSender-The person or persons responsible for creating a message to be sent.Encoding- When a sender attempts to replicate his or her internal thoughts or feelings into some kind of external message medium for the sake of transmitting those thoughts or feelings to another person or persons.TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONPublic Communication: Occurs when a group becomes too large for all members to contribute.Week 1: Elements of CommunicationCOMMUNICATION- The process of human beings responding to the symbolic behavior of other persons.-First Characteristic of Definition: Communication is a “Process.” Communication is “Process” several reasons:1.We do not communicate to other people, we communicate with other people. To understand difference, we first need to talk about the components of communication: -Sender, Receiver… -Message Encoding, Message Decoding… -Psychological Noise, Physiological Noise-Communication Channels, -AND Communication Environment.Sender- The person or persons responsible for creating a message to be sent.Ex. A politician giving a speech… A parent lecturing a child… A divorced middle age women writing a love letter to her favorite soap opera star……All these people are sending messages.Receiver- The person or persons who are receiving the created messages.Ex. An audience receives the politician’s speech… The unfortunate child is the recipient of the parents lecture… The soap opera star is the lucky receiver of our divorcee’s romantic letter.Communication Channel - The medium a receiver uses to send his or her message. **Channels may be verbal or nonverbal**Ex. Speech is a channel… Writing is a channel… Non-verbal gestures are channels… Voice Tones are channels…And so on.Encoding - When a sender attempts to replicate his or her internal thoughts or feelings into some kind of external message medium for the sake of transmitting those thoughts or feelings to another person or persons. It’s easy to tell if sender encodes message poorly because he or she say things like: “That’s not what I meant to say,” or… “That’s not what I mean,” or… “What I really wanted to say was…” and so forth. If someone is a skilled “encoder,” we call him or her “articulate,” “well spoken,” or even “eloquent.” And research has shown that good speakers are considered more trustworthy,intelligent, competent, and personable than poor speakers……even if speaker’s are saying exact same thing.Obviously, there isn’t always a relationship between speaking well & intelligence & competency…Sure some newscasters, actors, & politicians are bright…But many times they aren’t…but we think they are simply because they speak well.This phenomena -known as Halo Effect- refers to the fact that if people identify you as skilled in one area……They often will assume you are skilled in other areas as well.We see this happen all time w/ celebrity’s & not so intelligent public.Ex. Dr. Phil’s Diet Plan. Dr. Phil’s a psychologist, not a dietician, but people illogically assume, since he’s doctor…since he’s confident & successful…he must also know something about dieting. One good thing about courses in Human Communication Studies often contain public speaking component, in addition to writing component.English, History, Sociology, Psychology…only writing, no speaking.But remember what text said about what employers are looking for: “Over 90 percent of the personnel officials at five hundred U.S. Businesses stated that oral communication skills play a bigger role in career achievement than technical competence, experience, or academic background.Of course, technical skill, experience, education important, but if you can’t communicate your knowledge, ideas, arguments to others… Technical skill & experience aren’t worth much.Many college courses teach written encoding skills…But this course focuses primarily on oral encoding skills… …Which are at least equally if not more important than writing skills.And I’m not just talking about public speaking.I’m talking about bettering your encoding skills in personal settings, romantic settings, intercultural settings, business settings, group settings……So public speaking is very small portion of this class.Message Decoding- Occurs when the receiver attempts to ascertain the meaning of the sender’s message.And figuring out what other people “mean” isn’t easy.I’m sure all of us had times when we’ve had others become frustrated w/ us because we didn’t understand what they meant…I’m sure we’ve all became frustrated w/ other people when they didn’t understand what we meant.**There are several factors that prevent human beings from decoding other’smessages effectively…Noise - Any force that interferes with effective communication.Three types: External noise, physiological noise, psychological noise.External Noise - Refers to any physical phenomenon that might impair a receiver’s ability to decode a message. Ex. Gym, Elevator Music Blaring…Bodybuilders grunting… Treadmills running…She was paying attention, just couldn’t hear my name…that why call me “Phil,” not “Paul.” Physiological Noise- Involves biological factors in the receiver or sender that interfere with accurate reception.Ex. Seinfeld: George’s “I love You” Psychological Noise- Involves mental forces within a receiver or sender that might inhibit his or her ability to either encode or decode amessage correctly.Ex. If a receiver suffers from low-self esteem, might interpret a sincere compliment as sarcastic or condescending even though it wasn’t.Environment- Fields of experience or cultural backgrounds that influence the way communicators encode and decode messages.We’ll be talking quite bit about how cult ure affects human interaction……(And you’ll be reading about in your text as well)…But our past experiences also affect how we interact w/ other people.Ex. Racist beliefs often caused by one bad past experience… …Child…negative situation…someone different ethnic background… …Flawed perceptions…contrastive information…false categorization… …Hard to let go of.Now we’ve defined components of communication…Let’s get back to our definition of communication as a
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