Presenting Your MessageIntroduction and OverviewTypes of DeliveryDealing with Communication ApprehensionWhere does stage fright come from?Irrational ThinkingWays to fight stage frightPracticing Your SpeechGuidelines for Delivery (Review of nonverbal communication)Guidelines for DeliveryEye contactMovementWhat do I do with my hands?Slide 14Slide 15Presenting Your MessageIntroduction and OverviewStage frightPracticing your speechGuidelines for deliveryVisual aspectAuditory aspectsTypes of DeliveryExtemporaneous: planned in advance but presented spontaneouslyImpromptu: little or no preparation- off the top of one’s head.Manuscript: read verbatimMemorized (oratory): learned by heart~pros and cons of each?~Dealing with Communication ApprehensionDebilitative verses Facilitative stage fright- a little bit of nervousness is a good thing-it can give you energy and focus.People are most nervous right before they speak, it usually trails off before they finish speaking.Where does stage fright come from?ShynessSelf esteemPrevious negative experiencesIrrational thinkingIrrational Thinking1. Catastrophic failure- if something bad can happen, it will.2. Perfection- I must be flawless.3. Approval- Is is vital, not just desirable to have the approval of everyone in the audience.4. Overgeneralization- I always mess up, I never do well on speeches, etc.Ways to fight stage frightBe rationalvisualizationFocus on presenting the material and what you are giving the audience- not your self.Take a tip from the actors- channel that energy into your voice and body.MOST IMPORTANT= BE PREPAREDPracticing Your Speech1. Present the speech to yourself2. Tape record or videotape the speech3. Present the speech to someone or a small group of people (your speech coach!)One cannot practice his or her speech too muchGuidelines for Delivery (Review of nonverbal communication)Visual aspectsAppearanceUse appearance to add credibilityLook good, feel good, speak good (well)(But be yourself!)Dos and Don’tsGuidelines for DeliveryVisual aspects, cont.PostureBe comfortable and confidentDon’t lock kneesGood posture=good breath and voiceNo crossing anything!Facial expressionsFacial expressions should match what you say.Unless it is serious, smile!Your audience will smile backYou appear more comfortableIt give your voice energyEye contactMost Important- (in North America)Remember cultural differencesEye contact can engage and capture your audienceMake eye contact with each person at least once-(unless they seem very uncomfortable)Speak to those who want to be spoken toSecret tip: two people you trustMovement ~be natural~Control nervous movement by replacing it with voluntary movementsMove to add emphasis to the speechMove during transitions (between main points)Gesture to emphasis and explainWhat do I do with my hands?What ever comes natural.Pretend like you are talking to a group of friends- how much would you gesture?Review Problem GesturesGuidelines for DeliveryAuditory aspects- your vocal expressions should match your words.Use your voice to create emotion.VolumeIt’s better to be too loud than too quietRateWords spoken per minutePitchHighness and lowness of one’s voiceGuidelines for DeliveryAuditory aspects, cont.Don’t be lazy with your mouth!Articulation: pronouncing all the part of the necessary words and nothing elseDeletion: leaving off part of a wordSubstitution: replace part of a word with an incorrect soundAddition: adding extra parts to wordsFillers, tags- extra words and soundsSlurring: trying to say two or more words at
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