Chapter 6Communication PrinciplesAdapting to OthersReligion: Evolution of ManCulture and CommunicationSlide 6Cultural ContextsCultural ValuesCultural Values: Masculine/FeminineCultural Values: Uncertainty and CertaintyCultural Values: Approaches to PowerCultural Values: Individualism and CollectivismGender and CommunicationBarriers to Bridging DifferencesSlide 15Chapter 6Chapter 6Adapting to Others:Adapting to Others: Bridging Culture and GenderBridging Culture and Gender DifferencesDifferencesCommunication PrinciplesCommunication PrinciplesBe aware of yourcommunicationAppropriatelyadapt yourmessage to othersEffectively use and interpret verbalmessagesListen and respond thoughtfully to othersEffectively use and interpret nonverbalmessagesAdapting to OthersAdapting to Others Culture and CommunicationCulture and Communication Gender and CommunicationGender and Communication Barriers to Bridging Differences andBarriers to Bridging Differences andAdapting to OthersAdapting to Others Adapting to Others Who Are Different Adapting to Others Who Are Different From YouFrom YouChapter 6: Adapting to OthersReligion: Evolution of Religion: Evolution of ManManCulture and Culture and CommunicationCommunicationCultureCulture is a learned system of knowledge, is a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that is shared by a group of people.norms that is shared by a group of people.Cultures are not static.Cultures are not static.A A Co-culture Co-culture is a cultural group within a is a cultural group within a larger culture.larger culture.–AmishAmish–gendergenderChapter 6: Adapting to OthersCulture and CommunicationCulture and CommunicationIntercultural communicationIntercultural communication occurs when occurs when individuals or groups from different cultures individuals or groups from different cultures communicate.communicate.Culture shockCulture shock Our culture and life experiences determine our Our culture and life experiences determine our world viewworld view—the general perspective that —the general perspective that determines how we perceive what happens to determines how we perceive what happens to us.us.Chapter 6: Adapting to OthersCultural ContextsCultural ContextsPeople from different cultures respond to People from different cultures respond to their surroundings or their surroundings or cultural context cultural context cues in different ways.cues in different ways.High-Context CulturesHigh-Context Cultures–nonverbal cues are extremely importantnonverbal cues are extremely important–communicators rely on the contextcommunicators rely on the contextLow-Context Cultures rely more Low-Context Cultures rely more explicitly on languageexplicitly on languageChapter 6: Adapting to OthersCultural ValuesCultural ValuesMasculine and Masculine and Feminine Feminine PerspectivesPerspectivesAvoidance or Avoidance or Tolerance of Tolerance of UncertaintyUncertaintyDistribution of Distribution of PowerPowerIndividualism or Individualism or CollectivismCollectivismChapter 6: Adapting to OthersCultural Values: Cultural Values: Masculine/FeminineMasculine/FeminineMasculineMasculine–emphasize getting things done and being emphasize getting things done and being assertiveassertive–tend to value traditional roles for men and tend to value traditional roles for men and womenwomen–not a reflection of biological sexnot a reflection of biological sexFeminineFeminine–emphasize building relationships and emphasize building relationships and seeking peace and harmony with othersseeking peace and harmony with othersCultural Values: Cultural Values: Uncertainty and CertaintyUncertainty and CertaintyAvoidance of UncertaintyAvoidance of UncertaintyTolerance for AmbiguityTolerance for AmbiguityChapter 6: Adapting to OthersCultural Values:Cultural Values:Approaches to PowerApproaches to PowerDecentralized ApproachDecentralized Approach–leadership is not vested in one person, leadership is not vested in one person, power is decentralizedpower is decentralized–decisions are likely to be made by decisions are likely to be made by consensusconsensusCentralized ApproachCentralized Approach–militaristic approach to powermilitaristic approach to power–prefer strongly organized, centrally prefer strongly organized, centrally controlled form of governmentcontrolled form of governmentCultural Values: Cultural Values: Individualism and Individualism and CollectivismCollectivismCollectivistic CulturesCollectivistic Cultures–champion what people do together champion what people do together and reward group achievementand reward group achievement–strive to accomplish goals for the strive to accomplish goals for the benefit of the groupbenefit of the groupIndividualistic CulturesIndividualistic Cultures–individual recognitionindividual recognition–self-realizationself-realization–tend to be loosely knit sociallytend to be loosely knit sociallyChapter 6: Adapting to OthersGender and CommunicationGender and CommunicationSex-Based ExpectationsSex-Based Expectations–start at birthstart at birth–gender roles are transmitted via gender roles are transmitted via communicationcommunicationWhy and How Women and Men CommunicateWhy and How Women and Men Communicate–instrumental and expressive orientationsinstrumental and expressive orientations–content and relational dimensions of content and relational dimensions of messagesmessagesChapter 6: Adapting to OthersBarriers to Bridging Barriers to Bridging DifferencesDifferencesAssuming SuperiorityAssuming Superiority–ethnocentrismethnocentrismAssuming SimilarityAssuming SimilarityStereotyping and PrejudiceStereotyping and Prejudice–stereotyping stereotyping –prejudiceprejudice Different Communication CodesDifferent Communication CodesChapter 6: Adapting to OthersAdapting to OthersAdapting to OthersSeek InformationSeek InformationListen and Ask QuestionsListen and Ask QuestionsTolerate AmbiguityTolerate AmbiguityDevelop MindfulnessDevelop Mindfulness–engage in self-talkengage in self-talkBecome Other-OrientedBecome Other-Oriented–other-oriented other-oriented communicationcommunication–social decenteringsocial decentering–empathy and sympathyempathy and sympathyAdapt To OthersAdapt To OthersChapter 6: Adapting to
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