CHAPTER 12PRESENTING YOUR MESSAGEI. DEALING W/ STAGE FRIGHTA. Facilitative and Debilitative stage fright1. Facilitative stage fright: is a factor that can help improve your performance (natural).2. Debilitative stage fright: inhibiting effective self-expression.a. Strong emotions keep you from thinking clearlyb. Intense fear leads to an urge to do something, anything, to make the problem go away.i. Speaking quicklyB. Sources of Debilitative stage fright1. Previous negative experiencea. Self-fulfilling propheciesb. Talk about previous experiences 2. Irrational thinking (fallacies)a. Catastrophic failure: operate on the assumption that if something bad can happen, it probably will. (What is the worst thing that can happen?)b. Perfection: Expect yourself to behave flawlessly (hurts/inspires).c. Approval: Is based on the idea that it is vital-not just desirable-to gain approval of everyone in the audience (thisis not possible!!!)d. Overgeneralization: May also be labeled the fallacy of exaggeration, because it occurs when a person blows one poor experience out of proportion (and labeling “always, “never”)C. Overcoming debilitative stage fright (4 steps)1. Be rational2. Be receiver-oriented (worry about whether they understand or areinterested e.g. topics)* Topics you would/not like hear about3. Be positive (yourself, topic, audience)a. Positive statements (Tell me 3 positive statements that can come out of this???)b. Visualizations (How do you imagine yourself doing when you give your speech)4. Be prepared(What have you done so far for your presentation?)II. TYPES OF DELIVERYA. Extemporaneous1. Definition: is planned in advance but in a direct, spontaneous manner (exactly what you will be doing).2. Advantages/uses: You can prepare but you give the “illusion of first time.” Spontaneity and planning is equally essential. (most common)3. Disadvantages: Difficult to be exact (wording, timing, grammar)and there is a lot of preparation.B. Impromptu1. Definition: is given off the top of one’s head, without preparation.2. Advantages/uses: Great skill in life3. Disadvantages: lack of preparation (delivery, need, organization)4. Points to remembera. use time (jot down mental notes w/in minutes)b. be originalc. observe and respond (audience’s needs)d. positive attitude (low expectations)e. brevity (do not drag it out, when you’re done, you’re done)III. PRACTICING THE SPEECH(What will you do to practice your speech?)A. TalkB. TapeC. Present to mirrorD. Present to peopleE. Present in context (classroom, w/ familiar students)IV. GUIDELINES FOR DELIVERYA. Visual aspects1. Appearance a. fashion do’s and don’tsb. Benefits of dressing professionally 2. Movementa. voluntary can replace involuntary i. transitionsii. gesturesb. make contact with thee entire audience3. Posture: What is good posture?a. stand straightb. shoulders backc. nothing crossed (arm/legs)4. Facial expressiona. have your words match your facialsb. small activity i. Have a terrific dayii. This can kill youiii. Breathing is essential to lifeiv. Don’t become a statistic5. Eye contact (most important, this can truly engage and captivate your audience)B. Auditory aspects1. Volume: can your voice reach the ears of everyone in your audience.2. Rate: Speed (average 120-150 per minute)3. Pitch: Highness/lowness of your voice (nerves=high)4. Articulation (most important, pronounce everything!)a. Deletion: leaving off part of a word (going vs. goin)b. Substitution: you replace part of a word with the incorrect sound (this vs. dis).c. Addition: An articulation problem of addition is caused by adding extra parts to words (athalete vs. athlete, orientated vs. oriented)d. Tags: “You know, you see” tagged at the end of the sentence.e. Slurring: When you say two words at the same time (becausa, kinda, sorta)DON’T BE LAZY WITH YOUR MOUTH, GET REST!!!V. OFFERING CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISMA. Be CompleteB. Be SpecificC. Be
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