Chapter 4Questions for You…Chapter OutlineSocial Structure and InteractionHomelessnessWho Are the Homeless?How Much Do You Know About Homeless Persons?Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Polling QuestionSocial Structure FrameworkComponents of Social StructureStatusSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19RolesSlide 21Stages of Role ExitSocial GroupsFormal OrganizationSocial InstitutionsFive Basic Social InstitutionsFunctionalists: Five Tasks of Social InstitutionsDurkheim's Typology of Social SolidarityTönnies: Gemeinschaft and GesellschaftGemeinschaft SocietiesGesellschaft SocietiesIndustrial and Postindustrial SocietiesSocial Construction of RealitySlide 34EthnomethodologyGoffman: Dramaturgical AnalysisDramaturgical AnalysisNonverbal CommunicationFunctions of Nonverbal CommunicationPersonal SpaceSocial Interaction: The Microlevel PerspectiveSlide 42Quick QuizAnswer: BSlide 46Answer: ASlide 48Answer: DSlide 50Answer: CSlide 52Slide 53Chapter 4Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday LifeQuestions for You…Is there a structure regarding how society is organized?How do the large pieces of society fit together?What is the importance of understanding “social location” as it relates to a group’s overall placement in the social structure?What factors affect the process of social interaction?Chapter OutlineSocial Structure: The Macrolevel PerspectiveComponents of Social StructureSocieties: Changes in Social StructureSocial Interaction: The Microlevel PerspectiveChanging Social Structure and Interaction in the FutureSocial Structure and InteractionSocial structure is the framework of societal institutions (politics, and religion) and social practices (social roles) that make up a society and establish limits on behavior. Social interaction is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society.HomelessnessAccording to data published by the Congressional Research Service Reports(2005), the number of homeless individuals in the United States ranges from 600,000-2.5 million people.Although single men constitute about sixty percent of the homeless population, families constitute about one third of all homeless and are the fastest-growing group of homeless. The homeless elderly will also be an important group as America ages in the next decadesWho Are the Homeless?How Much Do You Know About Homeless Persons?True or False?Most homeless people choose to be homeless.How Much Do You Know About Homeless Persons?False. Less than 6% of all homeless people are that way by choice.How Much Do You Know About Homeless Persons?True or False?Homeless people do not work.How Much Do You Know About Homeless Persons?False. Many homeless people are among the working poor. Minimum-wage jobs do not pay enough to support a family or pay inner-city rent.How Much Do You Know About Homeless Persons?True or False?Most homeless people are mentally ill.How Much Do You Know About Homeless Persons?False. Most homeless people are not mentally ill; estimates suggest that about 1/4 of the homeless are emotionally disturbed.Polling QuestionPeople who are better off should help friends who are less well off.A. Strongly agreeB. Agree somewhatC. UnsureD. Disagree somewhatE. Strongly disagreeSocial Structure FrameworkComponents of Social StructureStatusRolesGroupsSocial InstitutionsStatusA socially defined position in society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties.StatusAscribed statusSocial position based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender.Achieved statusSocial position that a person assumes as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort.StatusMaster status is the most important status that a person occupies.Status symbols are material signs that inform others of a person’s specific status. Example:Wearing a wedding ring proclaims that a person is married.Polling QuestionIf you could change one of the following in our society, which would you change?A. PrejudiceB. Sweat shopsC. Media censorshipD. The speed limitE. The income distribution to be more equalRolesA set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.Role ExpectationA group or society’s definition of the way a specific role ought to be played. Role PerformanceHow a person actually plays a role.RolesRole ConflictOccurs when incompatible demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time.Role StrainOccurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that the person holds.Stages of Role ExitWhen people leave a role central to their identity: (ex. retirement)1. Doubt2. Search for alternatives - separation, leave of absence.3. The turning point - take an action.Social GroupsA social group consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence.Primary groups - Family, close friends, school or work-related peer groupsSecondary - Schools, churches, corporationsFormal OrganizationA highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. Many of us spend most of our time in formal organizations such as colleges, corporations, or the government.Social InstitutionsA social institution is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs.Five Basic Social InstitutionsFamilyReligionEducationEconomyGovernment or politicsFunctionalists: Five Tasks of Social Institutions1. Replacing members.2. Teaching new members.3. Producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services.4. Preserving order.5. Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose.Durkheim's Typology of Social SolidaritySocial solidarity is based on social structure which is based on division of labor.Mechanical Solidarity - people are united by traditions and shared values.Organic Solidarity - people are united by mutual dependence on one another.Tönnies: Gemeinschaft andGesellschaftSociologist Ferdinand Tönnies (1855– 1936) used the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft to characterize the degree of social solidarity and social control found in societies.He was especially concerned about what happens to social solidarity in
View Full Document
Unlocking...