Chapter 15Questions for you…Chapter OutlineChapter Outline (con’t)Population and the EnvironmentPopulationChanges in PopulationHow Much Do You Know About Migration?Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Polling QuestionGrowth in the World’s PopulationLeading Causes of Death in the United StatesMigrationPopulation PyramidSlide 17Slide 18Population CompositionTheories of Population GrowthMalthusian PerspectiveMarxist PerspectiveThe Neo-Malthusian PerspectiveDemographic Transition TheorySlide 25Slide 26Percentage of people living in cities 2009Emergence and Evolution of the CityThree preconditions must be present in order for a city to developPreindustrial CitiesIndustrial CitiesPost Industrial CitiesFunctionalist Perspective on Urbanism: Ecological ModelsSlide 34Three Models of the CityGender Regimes in CitiesSimmel's View of City LifeGans's Urban VillagersSlide 39SuburbsConflict Perspective: Political Economy ModelsSlide 42Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on UrbanismSlide 44The World’s Ten Largest MetropolisesGrowth of the World’s PopulationQuick QuizAnswer: DSlide 50Answer: CSlide 52Slide 53Slide 54Answer: ASlide 56Slide 57Chapter 15Population and UrbanizationQuestions for you…What social factors affect patterns in population growth?How many people currently reside on the planet?What are the global concerns relating to food supply and population expansion?How can science contribute to a better understanding of population concerns?Chapter OutlineDemography: The Study of PopulationPopulation Growth in Global ContextA Brief Glimpse at International Migration TheoriesUrbanization in Global PerspectiveChapter Outline (con’t)Perspectives on Urbanization and the Growth of CitiesProblems in Global CitiesUrban Problems in the United StatesPopulation and Urbanization in the FuturePopulation and the EnvironmentAs the population continues to expand, how will the environment be affected? http://www.infoforhealth.org/pr/m15edsum.shtmlPopulationWorld’s population of 6.8 billion in 2010 is increasing by more than 76 million people per year.Between 2000 and 2030, almost all of the world’s 1.4 % annual population growth will occur in low-income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.Changes in Population Changes occur as a result of three processes:Fertility (births)Mortality (deaths)MigrationHow Much Do You Know About Migration?True or False?All “unauthorized immigrants” in the United States entered the country illegally.How Much Do You Know About Migration?False.Although the term “unauthorized immigrant” refers to a U.S. resident who is not a citizen of this country, who has not been admitted for permanent residence, or who does not have an authorized temporary status that permits longer-term residence and work, some “unauthorized immigrants” originally entered the country with valid visas but overstayed their visas’ expiration dates, or otherwise violated the terms of their admission.How Much Do You Know About Migration?True or False?The percentage of unauthorized immigrant workers in white-collar occupations has risen substantially in the 2000s.How Much Do You Know About Migration?False.Unauthorized immigrant workers continue to be underrepresented in white-collar occupations such as management, business, and professional occupations and overrepresented in occupational categories (such as farming, cleaning, construction, and food preparation) that typically require less education and have no licensing requirements.Polling QuestionIf you could live anywhere in the United States that you wanted to, would you prefer a city, suburban area, small town, or farm?A. CityB. Suburban areaC. Small townD. FarmGrowth in the World’s PopulationLeading Causes of Death in the United StatesMigration Two types of movement:Immigration is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency.Emigration is the movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere.Population PyramidA graphic representation of the distribution of a population by sex and age.Polling QuestionThere should be government intervention in determining the maximum number of children people can have.A. Strongly agreeB. Agree somewhatC. UnsureD. Disagree somewhatE. Strongly disagreePopulation CompositionThe biological and social characteristics of a population, including age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, income, and size of household.The sex ratio is the number of males for every hundred females in a given population.A sex ratio of 100 indicates an equal number of males and females in the population.A number greater than 100, indicates there are more males than females; if it is less than 100, there are more females than males.Theories of Population GrowthThe Malthusian PerspectiveThe Marxist PerspectiveThe Neo-Malthusian PerspectiveDemographic Transition TheoryMalthusian PerspectiveIf left unchecked, the population would exceed the available food supply.Population would increase in a geometric progression (2, 4, 8, …).The food supply would increase by an arithmetic progression (1, 2, 3, 4 . . .).Marxist PerspectiveUsing technology, food can be produced for a growing population. Overpopulation will lead to the eventual destruction of capitalism.Workers will become dissatisfied and develop class-consciousness because of shared oppression.The Neo-Malthusian PerspectiveOverpopulation and rapid population growth result in global environmental problems.People should be encouraging zero population growth.Demographic Transition TheoryStage 1: Preindustrial Societies - little population growth, high birth rates offset by high death rates.Stage 2: Early Industrialization - significant population growth, birth rates are relatively high, death rates decline.Demographic Transition TheoryStage 3: Advanced Industrialization and Urbanization - very little population growth occurs, birth rates and death rates are low.Stage 4: Postindustrialization - birth rates decline as more women are employed and raising children becomes more costly.Demographic Transition TheoryPercentage of people living in cities 2009Emergence and Evolution of the CityThe earliest humans are believed to have emerged anywhere from 40,000 to 1,000,000 years ago.Scholars date the development of the first city between 3500 and 3100 BCE.Three
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